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parker's government, ap > environmental policy > Flashcards

environmental policy Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the uncertainty in environmental policy?

A

Scientists do not know how large the greenhouse gas effect is or how to combat it

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1
Q

How is environmental policy a sacrifice?

A

No one likes restrictions even if they advocate for the environment

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2
Q

Why does environmental policy suffer from disordered priorities?

A

Entrepreneurial politics

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3
Q

Occur when many people hope to benefit from rules that impose costs on a few firms

A

Entrepreneurial politics

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4
Q

Created the environmental movement

A

Entrepreneurial politics

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5
Q

Gases produced by people when they burn fossil fuels get trapped in the atmosphere and cause the earth’s temperatures to rise

A

Global warming

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6
Q

Environmental policy making in the US is more _________ than it is in most European nations

A

Adversarial

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7
Q

2 things which reinforce adversarial politics

A

Federalism and the separation of powers

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8
Q

What new part was required to be put on new cars from 1970 onward?

A

Catalytic converter

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9
Q

What did the Clean Air Act of 1970 set in place?

A

The foundation for restrictions on the amount of pollutants that could be released from a vehicle.

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10
Q

A report required by federal law that assessed that possible effect of a project on the environment if the project is subsidized by federal funds

A

Environmental Impact Statement

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11
Q

Rain, snow, or dust particles that fall and are acidic

A

Acid rain

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12
Q

Complicated and very expensive devices that take nitrous fumes out of the gas before it comes out of a smokestack

A

Scrubbers

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13
Q

Notable environmental policies that contained a large number of compromises by President H. W. Bush.

A

Clean Air Act of 1990

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14
Q

What group escaped or resisted efforts to restrict pesticides

A

Organized farmers

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15
Q

What pesticide was banned by Congress in 1972?

A

DDT

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16
Q

The goals which seek to prevent environmental damage from occurring

A

Environmental goals

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17
Q

The goals which seek to promote social equity and equal treatment under the law

A

Social goals

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19
Q

Forbids buying or selling any animal that the government regards as endangered.

A

Endangered Species Act

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20
Q

What pollutants are limited by the Clean Air Act?

A

Hydrocarbons and nitrous oxide

21
Q

Converters on exhaust pipes that transform pollutants into less damaging gasses

A

Catalytic converters

22
Q

Areas that had difficulty meeting the standards of The Clean Air Act

A

LA and Denver

23
Q

When was the last time the Clean Air Act was revised?

A

1990

24
Q

Projects where environmentalists used Environmental Impact Statements to change the plans.

A

The Alaska pipeline, canals in Florida, and countless dams

25
Q

Source of acid rain

A

Burning fuel that contains a lot of sulfur

26
Q

Where is acid rain most common?

A

The Steel Belt, the Midwest, and The Great Lakes

27
Q

2 disadvantages to the use of scrubbers

A

They create toxic sludge and they don’t always work

28
Q

Why did it take so long for anything to be done about the acid rain in the Midwest?

A

Political stalemate between manufacturers and environmentalists

29
Q

Why is it difficult to change existing environmental policies?

A

Increased involvement of highly organized interest groups

30
Q

Best known environmental interest group

A

Environmental Defense Fund

31
Q

An example of client politics in environmental policy

A

Agricultural pesticides

32
Q

Book which brought about the banning of DDT

A

Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring”

33
Q

What is the farmers’ argument for pesticides?

A

They cannot achieve adequate production of crop without them

34
Q

How have farming interest groups kept pesticides off the political agenda?

A

Keeping the EPA’s budget for reviewing pesticides small

35
Q

What is the greatest political setback for environmental policy?

A

The uncertainty about the environment itself

36
Q

2 examples of environmental uncertainty

A

Exact nature of global climate change and the toxicity of certain pollutants

37
Q

How can environmental goals be met?

A

Policies must have an active effect on the environment

38
Q

Why are social and economic goals an issue in environmental policy?

A

Policies must not put the socially disadvantaged at risk. Nor can they discourage economic growth

39
Q

A strategy which believes that environmental damage can be prevented by setting detailed standards and punishing corporations who exceed them and rewarding those who do well

A

Command and control

40
Q

Strategy by which the government gives emissions permits to companies that equal their projected emissions. When a company emits less than is standard, they are allowed to sell these permits to other companies.

A

Cap and trade

41
Q

Companies that wish to build new plants must offset their emissions in that area by buying a smaller company and shutting them down. Essentially cap, but no trade.

A

Offsets

42
Q

The government sets a certain bubble standard on how much air pollution can be emitted. The company is then free to decide how to fall under that bubble.

A

Bubble standards

43
Q

What has the creation of the EPA led to?

A

More environmental policy being implemented.

44
Q

Cap and trade

A

Strategy by which the government gives emissions permits to companies that equal their projected emissions. When a company emits less than is standard, they are allowed to sell these permits to other companies.

45
Q

Offsets

A

Companies that wish to build new plants must offset their emissions in that area by buying a smaller company and shutting them down. Essentially cap, but no trade.

46
Q

The government sets a certain bubble standard on how much air pollution can be emitted. The company is then free to decide how to fall under that bubble.

A

Bubble standards

47
Q

What is the main argument against command-and-control?

A

It places the burden on tax payers rather than the sources of pollution

48
Q

When the organized group benefits and the unorganized public pays.

A

Client politics

parker's government, ap (6 decks)

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