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2 Anatomy > Final Thorax > Flashcards

Final Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Compartments of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum
Pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

Layers of Thoracic Cavity

A

Inner to outer

Lung
Visceral pleura
Parietal Pleura

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3
Q

Parts of parietal pleura

A

costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
cervical

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4
Q

Pleural membrane

A

lining each pulmonary cavity
reflects onto and covers external surface of lungs

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5
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

outer lining of pulmonary cavity. Thoracic wall, mediastinum, diaphragm
can separate

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6
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

immediately adjacent to and invests lungs
cannot separate

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7
Q

Pleural sac

A

formed by continuous inner and outer walls and both parietal and visceral layers

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8
Q

Pleural cavity

A

is potential space between layers of pleura
contains serous pleural fluid to lubricate surfaces for smooth slide during respiration

really close layers, act together

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9
Q

The pleurae will….

A

change size during respiration. Changes size as the lung changes

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10
Q

Lungs main function

A

oxygenate blood

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11
Q

Each lung has…

A

apex, which is covered by cervical pleura
base
2 lobes left, 3 lobes right

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12
Q

Surfaces of lungs

A

costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic

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13
Q

Borders of lungs

A

anterior
inferior
posterior

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14
Q

Fissures of R Lung

A

horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure

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15
Q

Fissures of L Lung

A

Oblique fissure

has a cardiac notch and lingula

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16
Q

Root of lung

A

contains arteries, veins, vessels, etc
posterior aspect of lungs

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17
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree

A

Primary –> Secondary –> Tertiary –> bronchioles –> alveolus

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18
Q

Secondary branchi

A

2 on left, 3 on right
each supplies a lobe of the lung

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19
Q

Tertiary segmental bronchi

A

supply bronchopulmonary segments

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20
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

does the right side of the body, including the R lung

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21
Q

Thoracic duct

A

does the left side of the body, including the L lung

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22
Q

Nerves of lungs

A

Right and left pulmonary plexus
phrenic nerve

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23
Q

Mediastinum

A

between pulmonary cavities
covered in mediastinal pleura
contains all thoracic viscera and structures, except lungs

has superior, inferior –> anterior/posterior

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24
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Pericardial cavity
Visceral
Heart

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25
Chambers of heart
right atria left atria right ventricle left ventricle
26
Atria purposes
receiving chambers, pump blood into ventricles
27
Ventricle purposes
discharing chambers
28
Diastole
ventricular elongation and filling
29
Systole
period of ventricular shortening and emptying
30
Deoxygenated blood
RIGHT to the lungs SVC/IVC Right atrium Tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve pulmonary artery
31
Oxygenated blood
Blood LEFT the lungs Pulmonary veins left atrium mitral valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta
32
Cardiac Cycle
Diastole (closure of aortic and pulmonary valves) Opening of AV valves Atrial contraction during final diastole Closure of AV valves after systole begins
33
Endocardium
thin internal layer or lining membrane of the heart that also covers its valves
34
Myocardium
thick, helical middle layer composed of cardiac muscle
35
Epicardium
thin external layer formed by the visceral layer of serous pericardium
36
Apex of heart
formed by the inferolateral part of left ventricle lies posterior to left 5th intercostal space remains motionless throughout cardiac cycle where sounds of mitral valve closure are at max
37
Base of heart
posterior aspect, opposite of apex formed by left atrium located at about t6-t9
38
Surfaces of heart
anterior diaphragmatic right pulmonary left pulmonary
39
Anterior aspect of heart
formed mainly by right ventricle also known as sternocostal
40
Diaphragmatic surface of heart
formed mainly by left ventricle and partly by right ventricle related to central tendon of diaphragm
41
Right pulmonary surface of heart
formed mainly by right atrium
42
Left pulmonary surface of heart
formed by left ventricle forms cardiac impression of left lung
43
Borders of heart
right inferior left superior
44
Right border of heart
formed by right atrium extends between SVC and IVC slightly convex
45
Inferior border of heart
nearly horizontal formed mainly by right ventricle
46
Left border of heart
oblique, nearly vertical formed mainly by left ventricle
47
Superior border of heart
formed by right and left atria and auricles in anterior view posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk, forms border of transverse pericardial sinus
48
Valves of heart
tricuspid pulmonary mitral aortic
49
Cusps of heart
anterior left posterior right septal
50
Pulmonary cusps
A, L, R
51
Aortic cusps
L, R, P
52
Mitral cusps
A, P
53
Tricuspid cusps
S, A, P
54
Right coronary artery supplies
right atrium right ventricle some of left ventricle some of IV septum SA node/AV node in most people
55
Left Coronary artery supplies
left atrium left ventrilce part of right ventricle most of IVS SA node in some people
56
Vasculature of heart
right coronary artery left coronary artery anterior interventricular branch circumflex branch
57
Innervating of diaphragm
Motor = Phrenic (C3-5) Sensory = Centrally Phrenic (C3-5), Peripherally Intercostal (T5-11), Subcostal (T12)
58
Characteristics of thoracic cavity
truncated cone narrowest superiorly circumference increasing inferiorly maximum size at junction with abdominal portion floor made up by thoracic diaphragm
59
Thoracic cage
ribs costal cartilages supported by sternum and throacic vertebrae lower portion protect abdominal viscera
60
Thorax
region between neck and abdomen contains organs of respiratory and cardiovascular systems has 3 major spaces (mediastinum, pulmonary cavities)
61
Throacic wall
thoracic cage muscles that extend between ribs skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and fascia on anterolateral aspect
62
Purposes of thoracic cage
protection of vital organs resist negative internal pressures attachment, support for weight for upper limbs attachment of muscles
63
Characteristics of ribs
curved, flat bones of thoracic cage light weight flexible interior contains bone marrow true, false, floating
64
True ribs
vertebrosternal 1-7, attach to sternum through costal cartilages
65
False ribs
vertebrochondral 8,9,10 cartilages connected to cartilage of rib above them, indirectly attached to sternum
66
Floating ribs
vertebral, free. 10, 11, 12 do not attach to sternum AT ALL
67
Head of ribs
wedge-shaped two facets that articulate with vertebrae
68
Neck of ribs
connects head and body at level of tubercle
69
Tubercle of ribs
articular part articulates with corresponding transverse process non-articular part; attachment for costotransverse lig
70
Body of ribs
costal angle--> rib turns anterolateral costal groove --> provides protection for intercostal nerve/vesselspo
71
Atypical ribs
1, 2 11-12
72
Typical ribs
3-9
73
Xiphoid process
junction with sternal body at xiphisternal joint is inferior limit of central part of thoracic cavity midline marker for superior limit of the liver, central tendon of diaphragm, inferior border of heart
74
Sternum purpose
protection for mediastinal viscera made up at manubrium, body, xiphoid process
75
Joints of thoracic wall
intervertebral costovertebral costchondral interchondral sternocostal sternoclavicular manubriosternal xiphisternal
76
Sternal movement
pump-handle
77
Rib movements
bucket-handle
78
Movements of thoracic wall
forced inspiration = gets bigger forced expiration = gets smaller
79
Interspinalis
pass between adjacent spinous processes. small
80
Intertransversarii
pass between adjacent transverse processes

2 Anatomy (7 decks)

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