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2 Anatomy > Final Thorax > Flashcards

Final Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Compartments of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum
Pulmonary cavities

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2
Q

Layers of Thoracic Cavity

A

Inner to outer

Lung
Visceral pleura
Parietal Pleura

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3
Q

Parts of parietal pleura

A

costal
diaphragmatic
mediastinal
cervical

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4
Q

Pleural membrane

A

lining each pulmonary cavity
reflects onto and covers external surface of lungs

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5
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

outer lining of pulmonary cavity. Thoracic wall, mediastinum, diaphragm
can separate

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6
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

immediately adjacent to and invests lungs
cannot separate

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7
Q

Pleural sac

A

formed by continuous inner and outer walls and both parietal and visceral layers

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8
Q

Pleural cavity

A

is potential space between layers of pleura
contains serous pleural fluid to lubricate surfaces for smooth slide during respiration

really close layers, act together

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9
Q

The pleurae will….

A

change size during respiration. Changes size as the lung changes

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10
Q

Lungs main function

A

oxygenate blood

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11
Q

Each lung has…

A

apex, which is covered by cervical pleura
base
2 lobes left, 3 lobes right

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12
Q

Surfaces of lungs

A

costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic

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13
Q

Borders of lungs

A

anterior
inferior
posterior

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14
Q

Fissures of R Lung

A

horizontal fissure
Oblique fissure

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15
Q

Fissures of L Lung

A

Oblique fissure

has a cardiac notch and lingula

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16
Q

Root of lung

A

contains arteries, veins, vessels, etc
posterior aspect of lungs

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17
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree

A

Primary –> Secondary –> Tertiary –> bronchioles –> alveolus

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18
Q

Secondary branchi

A

2 on left, 3 on right
each supplies a lobe of the lung

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19
Q

Tertiary segmental bronchi

A

supply bronchopulmonary segments

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20
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

does the right side of the body, including the R lung

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21
Q

Thoracic duct

A

does the left side of the body, including the L lung

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22
Q

Nerves of lungs

A

Right and left pulmonary plexus
phrenic nerve

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23
Q

Mediastinum

A

between pulmonary cavities
covered in mediastinal pleura
contains all thoracic viscera and structures, except lungs

has superior, inferior –> anterior/posterior

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24
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Pericardial cavity
Visceral
Heart

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25
Q

Chambers of heart

A

right atria
left atria
right ventricle
left ventricle

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26
Q

Atria purposes

A

receiving chambers, pump blood into ventricles

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27
Q

Ventricle purposes

A

discharing chambers

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28
Q

Diastole

A

ventricular elongation and filling

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29
Q

Systole

A

period of ventricular shortening and emptying

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30
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

RIGHT to the lungs

SVC/IVC
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery

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31
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Blood LEFT the lungs

Pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta

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32
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

Diastole (closure of aortic and pulmonary valves)
Opening of AV valves
Atrial contraction during final diastole
Closure of AV valves after systole begins

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33
Q

Endocardium

A

thin internal layer or lining membrane of the heart that also covers its valves

34
Q

Myocardium

A

thick, helical middle layer composed of cardiac muscle

35
Q

Epicardium

A

thin external layer formed by the visceral layer of serous pericardium

36
Q

Apex of heart

A

formed by the inferolateral part of left ventricle
lies posterior to left 5th intercostal space
remains motionless throughout cardiac cycle
where sounds of mitral valve closure are at max

37
Q

Base of heart

A

posterior aspect, opposite of apex
formed by left atrium
located at about t6-t9

38
Q

Surfaces of heart

A

anterior
diaphragmatic
right pulmonary
left pulmonary

39
Q

Anterior aspect of heart

A

formed mainly by right ventricle
also known as sternocostal

40
Q

Diaphragmatic surface of heart

A

formed mainly by left ventricle and partly by right ventricle
related to central tendon of diaphragm

41
Q

Right pulmonary surface of heart

A

formed mainly by right atrium

42
Q

Left pulmonary surface of heart

A

formed by left ventricle
forms cardiac impression of left lung

43
Q

Borders of heart

A

right
inferior
left
superior

44
Q

Right border of heart

A

formed by right atrium
extends between SVC and IVC
slightly convex

45
Q

Inferior border of heart

A

nearly horizontal
formed mainly by right ventricle

46
Q

Left border of heart

A

oblique, nearly vertical
formed mainly by left ventricle

47
Q

Superior border of heart

A

formed by right and left atria and auricles in anterior view

posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk, forms border of transverse pericardial sinus

48
Q

Valves of heart

A

tricuspid
pulmonary
mitral
aortic

49
Q

Cusps of heart

A

anterior
left
posterior
right
septal

50
Q

Pulmonary cusps

A

A, L, R

51
Q

Aortic cusps

A

L, R, P

52
Q

Mitral cusps

A

A, P

53
Q

Tricuspid cusps

A

S, A, P

54
Q

Right coronary artery supplies

A

right atrium
right ventricle
some of left ventricle
some of IV septum
SA node/AV node in most people

55
Q

Left Coronary artery supplies

A

left atrium
left ventrilce
part of right ventricle
most of IVS
SA node in some people

56
Q

Vasculature of heart

A

right coronary artery
left coronary artery
anterior interventricular branch
circumflex branch

57
Q

Innervating of diaphragm

A

Motor = Phrenic (C3-5)
Sensory = Centrally Phrenic (C3-5), Peripherally Intercostal (T5-11), Subcostal (T12)

58
Q

Characteristics of thoracic cavity

A

truncated cone
narrowest superiorly
circumference increasing inferiorly
maximum size at junction with abdominal portion
floor made up by thoracic diaphragm

59
Q

Thoracic cage

A

ribs
costal cartilages
supported by sternum and throacic vertebrae
lower portion protect abdominal viscera

60
Q

Thorax

A

region between neck and abdomen
contains organs of respiratory and cardiovascular systems
has 3 major spaces (mediastinum, pulmonary cavities)

61
Q

Throacic wall

A

thoracic cage
muscles that extend between ribs
skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and fascia on anterolateral aspect

62
Q

Purposes of thoracic cage

A

protection of vital organs
resist negative internal pressures
attachment, support for weight for upper limbs
attachment of muscles

63
Q

Characteristics of ribs

A

curved, flat bones of thoracic cage
light weight
flexible
interior contains bone marrow

true, false, floating

64
Q

True ribs

A

vertebrosternal
1-7, attach to sternum through costal cartilages

65
Q

False ribs

A

vertebrochondral
8,9,10
cartilages connected to cartilage of rib above them, indirectly attached to sternum

66
Q

Floating ribs

A

vertebral, free. 10, 11, 12
do not attach to sternum AT ALL

67
Q

Head of ribs

A

wedge-shaped
two facets that articulate with vertebrae

68
Q

Neck of ribs

A

connects head and body at level of tubercle

69
Q

Tubercle of ribs

A

articular part articulates with corresponding transverse process
non-articular part; attachment for costotransverse lig

70
Q

Body of ribs

A

costal angle–> rib turns anterolateral
costal groove –> provides protection for intercostal nerve/vesselspo

71
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 2
11-12

72
Q

Typical ribs

A

3-9

73
Q

Xiphoid process

A

junction with sternal body at xiphisternal joint is inferior limit of central part of thoracic cavity

midline marker for superior limit of the liver, central tendon of diaphragm, inferior border of heart

74
Q

Sternum purpose

A

protection for mediastinal viscera

made up at manubrium, body, xiphoid process

75
Q

Joints of thoracic wall

A

intervertebral
costovertebral
costchondral
interchondral
sternocostal
sternoclavicular
manubriosternal
xiphisternal

76
Q

Sternal movement

A

pump-handle

77
Q

Rib movements

A

bucket-handle

78
Q

Movements of thoracic wall

A

forced inspiration = gets bigger
forced expiration = gets smaller

79
Q

Interspinalis

A

pass between adjacent spinous processes. small

80
Q

Intertransversarii

A

pass between adjacent transverse processes

2 Anatomy (7 decks)

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