Final Abdominal Flashcards
Location of abdomen
between thorax and pelvis
Abdomen supported by
diaphragm (superior), muscles of pelvis (inferior), musculoponeurotic walls (anterolateral)
Abdomen allows…
both protection and flexibility because of makeup
Abdominal walls
contract to increase intra-abdominal
distend for accommodation (ingestion, pregnancy, adipose, pathology)
both anterolateral and posterior
Peritoneum
serous membrane
reflects and continues onto abdominal viscera (internal organs)
creates sac and peritoneal cavity
Abdominal cavity
forms superior part of abdominopelvic caivty
border is pelvic inlet
extends to 4th intercostal space
location of most digestive organs, urogenital system, spleen
Layers of abdomen (Anterior to posterior)
Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Investing superficial fascia
External oblique
Intermediate investing fascia
Internal oblique
Deep investing fascia
Transversus abdominis
Planes of abdomen
Median plane (divides right and left)
Transumbilical plane (divides upper and lower)
Omentum
double layered fold of peritoneum
passes from stomach, proximal part of duodenum to adjacent organs in abdominal cavity
greater is below stomach, lesser is above
Right upper quadrant
Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach (pylorus)
Duodenum
pancreas
kidney
ascending colon
transverse colon
Left upper quadrant
liver
spleen
stomach
jejunum
pancreas
kidney
transverse colon
descending colon
Right lower quadrant
cecum
appendix
ileum
ascending colon
ovary
uterine tube
ureter
spermatic cord
uterus (if enlarged)
urinary bladder (if very full)
Left lower quadrant
sigmoid colon
descending colon
ovary
uterine tube
ureter
spermatic cord
uterus (if enlarged)
urinary bladder (very full)
Esophagus
muscular tube
passage for food from pharynx to stomach
follows curve of vertebral column through neck and mediastinum
passes through diaphragm at esophageal hiatus
terminates at stomach
Stomach
lies between esophagus and small intestine
location within digestive tract for enzymatic digestion
Small intestine
three parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
primary site for absorption of nutrients from contents ingested
extends from pyloric part of stomach to first part of large intestine
Mesentery
fan-shaped double fold of peritoneum
attaches jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall
suspends gut
contains neurovasculature from post wall
Large intestine components
cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Large intestine
absorption of water from indigestible food residue
conversion of waste into semisolid stool, feces
Pancreas
accessory digestive gland
posterior to stomach, right of spleen, left duodenum
Liver roles
processes blood
produces bile
filtration
detoxification
Gallbladder
has neck, body, fundus
below the liver
contains multiple ducts
Kidneys
produce urine
