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Genetics > Final Study guide w quizzes > Flashcards

Final Study guide w quizzes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does reverse Transcriptase make

A

DNA from RNA

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2
Q

What is a nonviable sex chromosomal aneuploidy?

A

YY

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3
Q

What is Klinfelder’s Chromosome abnormality, and what are some of the symptoms?

A

YXX (males with an extra X chromosome)
Delayed puberty, tall, hypogonadism, obesity

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4
Q

What is the chromosomal abnormality for Turner’s Syndrome, and what are the symptoms?

A
  • XO (Women with only one X)
  • Wide set nipples, webbed neck, short stature non fertile
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5
Q

Is it possible for someone to have down’s syndrome if they have 46 chromosomes?

A

Yes, because of translocation.

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6
Q

How many barr bodies are in XXY

A

1

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7
Q

What is the order in the central dogma?

A

DNA–> RNA–> protein

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8
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have

A

46, 23 pairs

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9
Q

What is the abnormality in Klinefelter syndrome?

A

47XXY

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10
Q

What is the basic unit of heredity

A

Gene

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11
Q

What is the definition of an allele

A

a variant form of a gene, or a different version of a DNA sequence, that occurs at a specific location on a chromosome

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12
Q

Which strand are okazaki fragments on

A

The lagging strand

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13
Q

Describe the pathology in xeroderma pigmentosum

A

caused by genes involved in DNA repair, stay away from UV

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14
Q

What types of bonds hold together the backbone of DNA

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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15
Q

Which types of bonds hold together base pairs

A

H bonds

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16
Q

Where is the cell cycle stage stoped if sister chromatids are unable to form

A

S phase (that is where synthesis occurs

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17
Q

How many cells does meiosis make

A

4 different haploid cells

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18
Q

what do prokaryote and eukaryotes have in common of DNA replication

A

They go 5’–>3’

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19
Q

What does telomerase in cancer cells do

A

elongates telomeres

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20
Q

Is fragile X syndrome more common in males or women

A

males

21
Q

Where does RNA polymerase bind to

A

To the promotor region

22
Q

If you change your G to a C, when will this change the codon?

A

In some but not all cases (because of wobble region)

23
Q

What bases are in RNA

A

U not T (A, G, C, U)

24
Q

What destinguishes DNA from RNA

A

There is a 2’ hydroxyl group on RNA (DE-OXY ribose for DNA b/c doesn’t have it)

25
Q

Is the amino acid sequence the primary, secondary, or tertiary sequence?

A

Primary

26
Q

Which type of RNA is translated

A

mRNA

27
Q

What is the starting and ending product in Translation

A

Begin with an RNA template, get a protein sequence

28
Q

If you have a pedigree that demonstrates an earlier age of onset in the family, what phenomena is this?

A

Genetic anticipation

29
Q

With cystic fibrosis, what is the mutation found in?

A

The chloride transport protein

30
Q

What is the part of the tRNA that pairs to mRNA

A

The Anticodon

31
Q

Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by what

A

the Trna

32
Q

Amino acids are brought (WHERE) by the tRNA?

A

Ribosomes

33
Q

The Lac operon is turned on by what

A

The presence of lac AND absence of glucose

34
Q

What is NOT a method of gene regulation in eukaryotes

A

pinocytosis

35
Q

What binds to an operator and what does this prevent?

A

A repressor is a type of regulator protein that binds to OPERATOR and prevents transcription

36
Q

What is a repressor

A

type of regulator protein that binds to operator and prevents transcription

37
Q

What pattern is similar in twins early in life but changes later

A

Methylation patterns are inherited but are dissimilar in life

38
Q

What is a signal peptide

A

short peptide sequences, serve as address to transport new proteins to correct location

39
Q

What is the pthway for trna during elongation

A

A–>P–>E

40
Q

The following rna molecule is an adaptor during protein synthesis

A

tRNA

41
Q

Describe epigenetic marks in monozygotic twins

A

Same earlier in life (inherited) and dissimilar later in life

42
Q

Function of bacterial methylases

A

protect DNA from digestion by restriction enzymes

43
Q

If Glu is changed to Val, what disease does this correspond to?

A

Sickle cell

44
Q

A change in allele frequency throughout genes is termed what?

A

Genetic drift

45
Q

Sickle Cell anemia arises from what kind of a mutation

A

a point mutation (GLU–>VAL)

46
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of color blindness

A

X-linked recessive

47
Q

Duchanee syndrome inheritance pattern

A

X-linked Recessive

48
Q

If a population has a high frequency of a rare genetic trait with similar ancestor, what effect is this?

A

Founder Effect

49
Q

What is a SNP

A

Single nucleotide Polymorphism, single change in a base pair somewhere in DNA

Genetics (8 decks)

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