Final Study guide w quizzes Flashcards
What does reverse Transcriptase make
DNA from RNA
What is a nonviable sex chromosomal aneuploidy?
YY
What is Klinfelder’s Chromosome abnormality, and what are some of the symptoms?
YXX (males with an extra X chromosome)
Delayed puberty, tall, hypogonadism, obesity
What is the chromosomal abnormality for Turner’s Syndrome, and what are the symptoms?
- XO (Women with only one X)
- Wide set nipples, webbed neck, short stature non fertile
Is it possible for someone to have down’s syndrome if they have 46 chromosomes?
Yes, because of translocation.
How many barr bodies are in XXY
1
What is the order in the central dogma?
DNA–> RNA–> protein
How many chromosomes do humans have
46, 23 pairs
What is the abnormality in Klinefelter syndrome?
47XXY
What is the basic unit of heredity
Gene
What is the definition of an allele
a variant form of a gene, or a different version of a DNA sequence, that occurs at a specific location on a chromosome
Which strand are okazaki fragments on
The lagging strand
Describe the pathology in xeroderma pigmentosum
caused by genes involved in DNA repair, stay away from UV
What types of bonds hold together the backbone of DNA
Phosphodiester bonds
Which types of bonds hold together base pairs
H bonds
Where is the cell cycle stage stoped if sister chromatids are unable to form
S phase (that is where synthesis occurs
How many cells does meiosis make
4 different haploid cells
what do prokaryote and eukaryotes have in common of DNA replication
They go 5’–>3’
What does telomerase in cancer cells do
elongates telomeres
Is fragile X syndrome more common in males or women
males
Where does RNA polymerase bind to
To the promotor region
If you change your G to a C, when will this change the codon?
In some but not all cases (because of wobble region)
What bases are in RNA
U not T (A, G, C, U)
What destinguishes DNA from RNA
There is a 2’ hydroxyl group on RNA (DE-OXY ribose for DNA b/c doesn’t have it)
Is the amino acid sequence the primary, secondary, or tertiary sequence?
Primary
Which type of RNA is translated
mRNA
What is the starting and ending product in Translation
Begin with an RNA template, get a protein sequence
If you have a pedigree that demonstrates an earlier age of onset in the family, what phenomena is this?
Genetic anticipation
With cystic fibrosis, what is the mutation found in?
The chloride transport protein
What is the part of the tRNA that pairs to mRNA
The Anticodon
Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by what
the Trna
Amino acids are brought (WHERE) by the tRNA?
Ribosomes
The Lac operon is turned on by what
The presence of lac AND absence of glucose
What is NOT a method of gene regulation in eukaryotes
pinocytosis
What binds to an operator and what does this prevent?
A repressor is a type of regulator protein that binds to OPERATOR and prevents transcription
What is a repressor
type of regulator protein that binds to operator and prevents transcription
What pattern is similar in twins early in life but changes later
Methylation patterns are inherited but are dissimilar in life
What is a signal peptide
short peptide sequences, serve as address to transport new proteins to correct location
What is the pthway for trna during elongation
A–>P–>E
The following rna molecule is an adaptor during protein synthesis
tRNA
Describe epigenetic marks in monozygotic twins
Same earlier in life (inherited) and dissimilar later in life
Function of bacterial methylases
protect DNA from digestion by restriction enzymes
If Glu is changed to Val, what disease does this correspond to?
Sickle cell
A change in allele frequency throughout genes is termed what?
Genetic drift
Sickle Cell anemia arises from what kind of a mutation
a point mutation (GLU–>VAL)
What is the inheritance pattern of color blindness
X-linked recessive
Duchanee syndrome inheritance pattern
X-linked Recessive
If a population has a high frequency of a rare genetic trait with similar ancestor, what effect is this?
Founder Effect
What is a SNP
Single nucleotide Polymorphism, single change in a base pair somewhere in DNA
