Final Study Guide Pt. 3 (Lab 9)

Question 1

What is the difference between reflex and reaction?

Answer 1

reflex- pre-programmed motor responses to stimuli that utilize nerve pathways called reflex arcs

reaction-conscious motor responses to stimuli

Question 2

What are reflex arcs?

Answer 2

nerve pathways

Question 3

What are the 2 main types of reflexes?

Answer 3

(1) spinal reflexes

(2) cranial reflexes

Question 4

Skeletal muscles are what type of reflex?

Answer 4

somatic reflex

Question 5

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands, are what type of reflex?

Answer 5

visceral reflex

Question 6

True or False: secretions are reflexes

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Reflex Arc:

(1)
(2) sensory neuron
(3) integrating center
(4) motor neuron
(5) effector organ

What is step 1, and what happens during it?

Answer 7

sensory receptor

• detects the presence of a stimulus
• a receptor is stimulated by the tissue damage caused by the nail

Question 8

Reflex Arc:

(1) sensory receptor
(2)
(3) integrating center
(4) motor neuron
(5) effector organ

What is step 2, and what happens during it?

Answer 8

sensory neuron

-carries sensory information to central nervous system

Question 9

Reflex Arc:

(1) sensory receptor
(2) sensory neuron
(3)
(4) motor neuron
(5) effector organ

What is step 3, and what happens during it?

Answer 9

integrating center

• found in CNS (spinal cord or brain)
• sensory information is processed
• motor command to stimulate the effector is initiated

Question 10

Reflex Arc:

(1) sensory receptor
(2) sensory neuron
(3) integrating center
(4)
(5) effector organ

What is step 4, and what happens during it?

Answer 10

motor neuron

-carries motor command to effector organ

Question 11

Reflex Arc:

(1) sensory receptor
(2) sensory neuron
(3) integrating center
(4) motor neuron
(5)

What is step 5, and what happens during it?

Answer 11

effector organ

• carries out reflex response to stimulus
• may be muscle, gland, or adipose tissue

Question 12

reflexes that involve the muscular system are called ________ ________

Answer 12

somatic reflexes

Question 13

What are the 2 types of somatic spinal reflexes?

Answer 13

(1) patellar reflex

(2) plantar reflex

Question 14

What is the difference between patellar reflex and plantar reflex?

Answer 14

patellar reflex, a reflex that is important in maintaining balance.
plantar reflex, an important neurological test that can reveal damage to nerves in the spinal cord.

Question 15

What type of test is used to test your patellar reflex?

Answer 15

patellar tendon, below the knee, is tapped with hammer

Question 16

What type of test is used to test your plantar reflex ?

Answer 16

sharp object is drawn across the bottom of a foot

Question 17

What are the 2 types of somatic cranial reflexes?

Answer 17

(1) corneal reflex

(2) gag reflex

Question 18

What is the difference between the corneal reflex and gag reflex?

Answer 18

corneal reflex, is elicited by stimulation of the cornea with a bright light, loud sound, or touching with a foreign object.

gag reflex, is associated with the Vagus nerve

Question 19

What is the difference between somatic cranial reflexes and visceral cranial reflexes?

Answer 19

somatic cranial reflexes-somatic reflex that is processes in the spinal cord alone

visceral cranial reflexes- reflexes processed in the brain that involve involuntary body mechanisms

Question 20

What are examples of visceral reflexes?

Answer 20

adjustments of heart rate, secretions of glands, and dilation or constriction of the pupil

Question 21

True or False: reflexes cannot be modified

Answer 21

False; reflexes CAN be modified