Final Study Guide Pt. 2 (Lab 8) Flashcards
What are the general anatomical shapes of bones in the human body?
(1) long bones
(2) short bones
(3) flat bones
(4) sesamoid bones
(5) sutural bones
(6) irregualar bones
Describe the shape of long bones.
greater in lenght than in width
Describe the shape of short bones.
similar in length and width
Describe the shape of flat bones.
flat and thin
Describe the shape of sesamoid bones.
small bones that form within tendons (such as patella, or knee cap)
Describe the shape of sutural bones.
small, flat bones formed between the joints of the skull
Describe the shape of irregular bones.
irregularly shaped and don’t fit into the preceding categories
What are adult long bones composed of?
(1) epiphyses
(2) articular cartilage
(3) spongy bone
(4) red marrow
(5) diaphysis
(6) periosteum
(7) compact bone
(8) medullary cavity
(9) yellow marrow
(10) endosteum
What is the difference between red marrow or yellow marrow?
red marrow- blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of spongy bone
yellow marrow- fatty material occupying the medullary cavity
What is the difference between spongy bone or compact bone?
spongy bone- bone tissue filling the epiphyses and lining the medullary cavity
compact bone- bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and coverings of spongy bone
What is epiphyses?
enlarged ends of long bones
What is articular cartilage?
covers the joint surfaces at the epiphyses
What is diaphysis?
the midsection shaft of a long bone
What is periosteum?
a dense connective tissue membrane covering external bone surfaces
What is the medullary cavity?
the space within the diaphysis
What is the endosteum?
connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity
the _____ ________ consists of 80 bones that make up the midline of the body
axial skeleton
What are the bones of the axial skeleton?
(1) skull
(2) hyoid bone
(3) vertebral column
(4) rib cage
What bones make up the skull?
cranial and facial bones
What bones make up the vertebral column?
vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
What bones make up the rib cage?
ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum
What is the hyoid bone?
attached by ligaments and tendons in the anterior of neck
What is the difference between the cranial bones and the facial bones?
cranial bones- house and protect the brain
facial bones- serve as attachment sites for the muscles used for chewing and facial expression
The ___________ ________ is composed of 126 bones, which allow the wide variety of moments possible with out arms and legs.
appendicular skeleton
What are the sections of the appendicular skeleton?
(1) pectoral girdle
(2) upper limb
(3) pelvic girdle
(4) lower limb
What are the bones that make up the pectoral girdle?
clavicle and scapula
What are the bones that make up the upper limb?
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
What are the bones that make up the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, Ischium and Pubis
What are the bones that make up the
Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
What are the different types of joints?
(1) Fibrous joints
(2) Cartilaginous joints
(3) Synovial joints
What is the difference between Fibrous joints and Cartilaginous joints?
Fibrous joints - joined by fibrous connective tissue and allow little to no movement
Cartilaginous joints- joined by cartilage and allow for small movements
What is the difference between Fibrous joints and Synovial joints?
Fibrous joints - joined by fibrous connective tissue and allow little to no movement
Synovial Joints- have a joint cavity between the articulating bones that allows for the wide range of motion
What is the difference between Cartilaginous joints and Synovial joints?
Cartilaginous joints- joined by cartilage and allow for small movements
Synovial Joints- have a joint cavity between the articulating bones that allows for the wide range of motion
