final study guide

Question 1

ostracism is

Answer 1

being excluded by others

Question 2

roberts sternberg’s components of love

Answer 2

NOT CONSUMPTION

Question 3

who are we most likely to marry?

Answer 3

a person who lives works or studies within walking distance

Question 4

companionate love is?

Answer 4

is long lasting and deep

Question 5

when one feels as if she is investing more emotion into a relationship than her partner can be termed as…

Answer 5

perceived inequity

Question 6

2 factor theory of emotion holds that…

Answer 6

physical arousal accentuates romantic responses

Question 7

when a relationship is associated with positive physical things (like romantic restaurants / dates etc…)

Answer 7

reward theory of attraction

Question 8

matching phenomenon can be described as…

Answer 8

has the same level of physical attractiveness.

Question 9

when two supposed opposite people describe their partner as completing themselves can be described as…

Answer 9

complementarity

Question 10

sternberg’s love theory of consummate love

Answer 10

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Question 11

couples who are absorbed in one another & gaze lovingly into eachothers eyes longingly / would be devastated without loved one could be described as

Answer 11

passionate love

Question 12

where similarity ________; dissimilarity _________

Answer 12

increases liking; decreases liking

Question 13

mere exposure effect

Answer 13

when a person eventually likes someone or something they have encountered repeatedly

Question 14

attachment research applied to adults show that

Answer 14

child rearing technique has a direct relation with how we deal with future relationships (secure best)

Question 15

Myers would most agree with

Answer 15

Birds of a feather flock together.

Question 16

reward theory of attraction

Answer 16

the theory that we like people who reward us or with whom we associate positive events.

Question 17

roughly what percentage of US infants display secure attachment?

Answer 17

70% but adults are 60% possible diffusion and degradation due to mixing of the attachment schemas

Question 18

attribution theory

Answer 18

attempts to explain the world to determine the cause of an event or behavior; why people do what they do.
behavior must be observed / determined to be intentional / attributed to internal or external causes

Question 19

belief perseverance

Answer 19

Beliefs or attitudes polarized even after opposing argument

Question 20

cognitive dissonance

Answer 20

Example smoking cigarettes even though cancer warning on label

Question 21

overjustification effect

Answer 21

Getting paid for doing what you already enjoy will sometimes cause your love for the task to wane because you attribute your motivation as coming from the reward, not your internal feelings.

Question 22

confirmation bias

Answer 22

a tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions.

Question 23

conformity

Answer 23

Listening to what is suggested

Question 24

deindivduation

Answer 24

Loss of self within social group; example rioting after sports event

Question 25

groupthink and its 8 symptons

Answer 25

Series of “dissonance” responses

Question 26

misinformation effect

Answer 26

(1) incorporating “misinformation” into one’s memory of the event, after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it. (2) Witnessing an event, receiving misleading information about it, and then incorporating the “misinformation” into one’s memory of the event.

Question 27

obedience and Milgram’s study

Answer 27

.

Question 28

outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 28

“they all look the same” mentality

“them”-a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup.

Question 29

persuasion (central V peripheral routes)

Answer 29

central; cognitive thinkers

peripheral; relies on visual acceptance

Question 30

slf fulfilling prophecy effect

Answer 30

the way you think will influence the way you view the outcome.
whether its positive or negative mindset the outcome (positive or negative) will be based off initial mindset stepping into situation

Question 31

self serving bias

Answer 31

the tendency to perceive oneself favorably.

Question 32

social comparison

Answer 32

evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing oneself to others.
normative:
informational:

Question 33

social facilitation

Answer 33

(1) original meaning-the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present
(2) current meaning-strengthening of dominant (prevalent, likely) responses owing to the presence of others.

Question 34

CIaldini’s 6 principles of persuasion

Answer 34

the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

Question 35

why do people conform? and what factors reduce conformity?

Answer 35

a change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure.
critical thought /

Question 36

Asch line study

Answer 36

conformity best when verbal and in physically represented group setting, lowest when privat and written

Question 37

What role does similarity play in helping behavior?

Answer 37

The more similar a person is to a potential helper, the more the potential helper will offer to help.

Question 38

Because of the social responsibility norm, people are more likely to

Answer 38

give to charitable organizations, like the Red Cross, during times of crisis.

Question 39

Making an ambiguous situation clear will ________________ helping behavior.

Answer 39

increase

Question 40

What is moral exclusion?

Answer 40

the perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness. Moral inclusion is regarding others as within one’s circle of moral concern.

Question 41

When your campus has a blood drive, you might weigh the costs and the benefits before deciding to donate blood. This strategy would be predicted by

Answer 41

social exchange theory

Question 42

______ is a motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self-interests.

Answer 42

altruism

Question 43

Which of the following people is most likely to receive help from bystanders?

Answer 43

Lyle, who broke his arm when he fell off his bicycle and yells to some joggers: “Please call my Mom. I hurt my arm.”

Question 44

the social-responsibility norm.

Answer 44

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.

Question 45

the social exchange theory.

Answer 45

Your friend is the president of a club on campus, and she asks you to help her with the booth that her club is having for Club Rush. Before you say yes, you think about the costs of giving up your only afternoon off this week versus the benefits of helping out a friend. Your approach to weighing the pros and cons before offering your help is known as
I love

Question 46

When people show a lack of inclusion in their circle of moral concern, this is referred to as

Answer 46

moral exclusion.

Question 47

People are more likely to help another person if

Answer 47

They can relate / similar

If helper is in happier mood

Question 48

The reciprocity norm is a(n)

Answer 48

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Question 49

According to evolutionary psychology

Answer 49

most altruism in human society reflects either a kin selection process or reciprocity.

Question 50

The bystander effect predicts that a person is ______ to provide help when there are other bystanders.

Answer 50

less likely

Question 51

Beth sees a homeless man on the side of the road on her way into work. She buys an extra sandwich at the deli when she is at lunch and gives it to the man on her way home from work. This is an example of _____________.

Answer 51

altruism

Question 52

What is kin selection?

Answer 52

the idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes.

Question 53

After I lend my neighbor a cup of milk, I feel comfortable asking her for some vanilla extract for a coconut cake I am baking. This is due to my ascribing to

Answer 53

reciprocity norm

Question 54

Mindy volunteers at a center for homeless children and her brother Kirk volunteers at a hospice for people dying of AIDS. They are demonstrating which principle of prosocial behavior?

Answer 54

social responsibility theory

Question 55

One reason for the occurrence of the bystander effect is

Answer 55

a diffusion of responsibility.

Question 56

Your child’s school asks you if you can volunteer in your child’s classroom every Friday for the remainder of the school year. You balk at this outrageous amount of volunteer time and the amount of time that it would take away from your work. Then, the school asks if you could give up one hour to volunteer to read to the children this Friday afternoon. Compared to the earlier request, this seems extremely reasonable, and you agree. Which technique has the school used?
D

Answer 56

door in the face

Question 57

Kelly complains that Tommy never shares anything truly personal about himself. She thinks he shows

Answer 57

lack of self disclosure

Question 58

Umberto feels intense, exciting emotions for Elena. Elena has great affection for Umberto and sees their lives as deeply intertwined with each other. Umberto’s love would be called __________; Elena’s love would be called __________.

Answer 58

passionate; companionate

Question 59

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 59

Overpopulation and scarce resources

Question 60

insufficient justification effect

Answer 60

reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one’s behavior when external justification is “insufficient.”

Question 61

4 C’s of peacemaking

Answer 61

contact; predicts tolerance, the more the better in regards of easing racial tensions etc…
cooperation; promoting positive communication between the newly desegregated groups
communication; compromising to maintain peaceful relations with bargaining / mediation / arbitration
conciliation; when tension and suspicion run so high that even communication / resolution is impossible

Question 62

what is GRIT and how does it work

Answer 62

.

Question 62

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 62

Exaggerating dispositional aspect, whilst undermining situational perspective

Question 63

Mirror image

Answer 63

.

Question 64

Dispositional attributions

Answer 64

.

Question 66

Situational dispositions

Answer 66

.

Question 67

In Muzafer Sherif’s Robber’s Cave experiment, _______________ led to cooperation.

Answer 67

.

Question 68

What do self-serving biases, group polarization, and negative stereotypes have in common?

Answer 68

.

Question 69

Ahmed and Fatima, two teenage siblings, are fighting over the evening newspaper. Knowing Ahmed only wants the sports section and Fatima only wants the latest stock quotations, their mother takes the paper and gives each the section containing their news of interest. In this case the mother arrived at a(n) _________.

Answer 69

integrative agreement.

Question 70

______ means giving in, or conceding something to the other side.

Answer 70

Conciliation

Question 71

Resolving social dilemmas can be accomplished through.

Answer 71

cooperating for mutual betterment

Question 72

Research on misperceptions and war has shown which one of three of the following misperceptions was a common feature in ten wars of the last century?

Answer 72

underestimating the strength of ones enemy

Question 73

Compared to individualistic Americans, people socialized in collectivistic cultures such as China and India define justice

Answer 73

more as a need of fulfillment

Question 74

GRIT attempts to reduce conflict between groups by

Answer 74

Tension reduction

Question 75

A win-win agreement that reconciles both parties’ interests to their mutual benefit is known as

Answer 75

integrative agreement

Question 76

What are the different levels in which social conflict can occur?

Answer 76

international, intergroup, interpersonal

Question 77

Which of the following is not one of the forces that can transform hostility into harmony?

Answer 77

condemnation

Question 78

In arbitration, an arbitrator ________________ a settlement between the two parties.

Answer 78

imposes

Question 79

What is the term used to describe the perception of behavior or goals that are not compatible between two parties?

Answer 79

conflict

Question 80

the jigsaw technique is

Answer 80

designed to elicit group cooperation

Question 81

conciliation means

Answer 81

giving in, or conceding something to the other side

Question 82

a superordinate goal?

Answer 82

people who live together working towards a goal to benefit them all

Question 83

Both sides believing “we are moral, good, and right, and they are evil” is an example of a

Answer 83

mirror image perception

Question 84

Lori heard a rumor that Tina said something bad about her, so she cut Tina off. As a result, Tina did say something bad about Lori, This shows

Answer 84

how mirror image perceptions become self fulfilling

Question 85

In Muzafer Sherif’s Robber’s Cave experiment, _______________ led to cooperation.

Answer 85

the formation of superordinate goals

Question 86

Which of the following is not a way to decrease social dilemmas?

Answer 86

keeping groups large

Question 87

A _______________ is a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Answer 87

social trap

Question 88

What is one factor that creates conflict?

Answer 88

compettion

Question 89

When fishermen over-fish, despite knowing that they are depleting that particular population of fish, it could be described as

Answer 89

tragedy of the commons

Question 90

Two suspects are arrested for allegedly committing a crime. The police tell them that if one confesses, the confessor will be set free and the other one will be convicted of the crime. The suspects are confronted with

Answer 90

the prisoners dilemma

Question 91

What do self-serving biases, group polarization, and negative stereotypes have in common?

Answer 91

increases likelihood of conflict

Question 92

What is a social trap?

Answer 92

a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.

Question 93

You are one of two candidates being interviewed for a position as superintendent of the city school system. You are notified that one candidate will be interviewed tomorrow evening and the other a week later. The school board will make a decision immediately after the second candidate has been interviewed. If you want the job

Answer 93

?

Question 94

The presence of others is likely to lead to better performance in _____________ and to worse performance in ______________.

Answer 94

Well learned tasks / new complex tasks

Question 95

The realistic group conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises

Answer 95

From competition of natural resources

Question 96

It is near consensus among social psychologists today that the catharsis hypothesis of aggressive expression

Answer 96

?

Question 97

Joseph was on the subway, when he noticed a man lying slumped over on the seat. Joseph looked around at the other passengers, who seemed calm and unconcerned. Joseph concluded that the man was probably okay. However, the other passengers may have been looking around at Joseph to see how he reacted. This would be an example of

Answer 97

?

Question 98

According to some theorists, which of the following forms of love is based on mutual respect, trust and commitment, and often characterizes the later stages of romantic relationships?

Answer 98

?