Final Study Guide Flashcards
The 3 countries of the Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, and Russia
Name the 3 countries of the Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
What were the details of the Schlieffen Plan in WWI was the German military strategy to
attack france in the east and russia in the west
Although the Allies won the War, what country did not enjoy the benefits because it surrendered to Germany almost a year before Germany was defeated?
russia
The spark that started the War occurred when the future leader of what region was assassinated?
Spain
On which front did the Germans battle the French?
western front
Know the estimated human costs on the WWI battlefields according to your book:
8.5 million dead soldiers, 21 million wounded
What treaty between the Allied powers and Germany was signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Francis Ferdinand?
treaty of versailles
What was the final straw that brought the U.S. into WWI against Germany? What was the name of the message from Germany to Mexico?
the Zimmerman note
The Boom refers to the decade of the
20s
The bust refers to the decade of the
30s
The War that followed the Bust is
WWII
80 percent of Americans in 1929 had no ______ at all.
savings
A major cause of the Great Depression was the ___ (name the institution) artificially manipulating interest rates.
stock market
The AAA (a New Deal Agency) had ___________ pigs slaughtered and burned at a time when many Americans were hungry and out of work.
6.4 million
What comes the closest to the highest rate of unemployment during the Great Depression?
25% (1 out of 4)
Know the following states that were directly affected by the “Dust Bowl” that hit the Great Plains.
Texas
Oklahoma
Colorado
Kansas
Nebraska
What were “Hoovervilles”?
A “Hooverville” was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless
What was the Bonus Army?
The Bonus Army was a group of 17,000 veterans of U.S. involvement who gathered in Washington, D.C., in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service bonus certificates.
During the mid-to-late 1920s (even before the Great Depression Started), how were farmers affected by the low prices of wheat?
Farmers were affected by the low prices of wheat because they had been supplying european countries so once europe got back on its feet the farmers are making to many crops so they had excess making low prices and bankruptcy for farmers
What is “Buying on margin”?
the practice of buying an asset where the buyer pays only a percentage of the asset’s value and borrows the rest from the bank or a broker
What is Social Security”?
any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.
Name the 2 the presidents during the Great Depression
Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt
What is a Flapper?
a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior.
“The chief business of the American people is __________ .”
business
Who said it? ________________________ (hint: a president) (“The chief business of the American people is ________.”
Calvin Coolidge
For the following 5 questions, write in the letter that matches the section:
A) Lucky Lindy, B) Great Depression Parts 1 and 2, C) Red Scare, D)All That Jazz, E) Monkey Trial
1) This section featured information about the New Deal
2)This section focused on Communism and its spread to the USA
3)This section was about the first Transatlantic flight
4)This section described and incident where science came into conflict with religious belief
5)This section featured information about Louis Armstrong
This section featured information about the New Deal (b)
This section focused on Communism and its spread to the USA (c)
This section was about the first Transatlantic flight (a)
This section described and incident where science came into conflict with religious belief (e)
This section featured information about Louis Armstrong(d)
Know that these countries were ruled by fascist dictators by the end of the 1930s.
Spain
Italy
Germany
The earliest incident leading up to WWII in Asia was Japan invading__________ in 1931. It is a region of China.
Manchuria
These two world leaders signed a nonaggression pact one week before the invasion of Poland that started WWII. (Also, they secretly divided Poland among themselves)
Hitler, Stalin
Know the 3 following factors that kept countries from challenging the expanding Axis empires
A global depression
Memories of WWI
The belief in isolationism
What happened at the Munich Conference of 1938? Did Hitler keep his promise?
The settlement gave Germany the Sudetenland starting 10 October, and de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia; no
Know the 3 major Axis Powers in WWII
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Know why the Maginot Line failed and what it was.
the Germans attacked France in the spring of 1940 using blitzkrieg
What battle is considered the major turning point in the war against Japan in the Pacific?
Battle of Midway
D-Day refers to who invades whom?
Allies invading Nazi- occupied france
What was the German war strategy used in WWII to overwhelm the enemy?
Blitzkrieg
Around how many Jews were put to death as a result of Hitler’s Final Solution?
1.7 million murdered
Know why the Maginot Line failed and what it was.
the Germans attacked France in the spring of 1940 using blitzkrieg
What Battle was Hitler’s last major offensive in Europe? Was it successful?
Battle of the bulge; nope
Know the following 3 blunders of Adolf Hitler during WWII
1) Declaring war on the USA
2) Invasion of Russia
3) Putting so many resources into the extermination of the Jews
Which country saw the largest number of Jews killed in the Holocaust?
poland
At which location did Operation Overlord meet the most resistance by the Germans? What was the codename of the beach? (hint: over 2,000 Americans were killed here)
omaha beach
Know the following Japanese cities that were sites of atomic explosions.
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
What organization was created after WWII (1945) to prevent another war from starting? It included both the USA and the USSR.
The united nations
What country saw the most casualties during WWII? (both civilian and in terms of soldiers)
soviet union
What battle cost the USSR over one million soldiers and it put the Germans on the defensive on the Russian front?
battle of Stalingrad
The Western European powers used an unsuccessful policy of appeasement against Hitler before the start of WWII. Put the following 5 occasions of appeasement in proper order (first through last).
A) Hitler is allowed to take the Rhineland.
B) Hitler is allowed to take all of Czechoslovakia.
C) The Anschluss is allowed to occur (the uniting of Austria with Germany).
D) Hitler is allowed to take the Sudetenland.
E) Hitler announces that he will no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles.
Karl Marx-most famous for what?
creating the idea of communism
Know this #1
Vladimir Lenin-first leader of the USSR
Know this #2
Joseph Stalin-most infamous leader of the USSR
Totalitarianism vs. Communism (Which is political? Which is economic? What is the connection between the two?
totalitarianism: political
communism: economic
both: control methods, basic principles, and government philosophies.
What was the Iron Curtain?
an ideological barrier separating soviet union from the outside world
Truman Doctrine/Containment-what was the policy of containment?
The US would provide political, military, and economic aid to democratic countries under the threat of communist influences in order to prevent the expansion of communism.
Know what The Marshall Plan was
(billions of dollars in aid given to 16 nations after WWII)
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong won (communists)
Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism? What was it?
politician; The political practice of publicizing accusations of disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence
Edward R. Murrow-How did he help stop McCarthy?
reported on the facts of McCarthy’s tactics, without condemning or slandering him
Ike (know when he served as president)
1953 to 1961
“military-industrial complex”-who said it? And what does it mean?
eisenhower
giving too much money to military
Know Nikita Khrushchev (when he led the USSR)
1941–45
Who was Fidel Castro? Which country did he rule? When?
dictator of cuba
1959-2008
What was the “Bay of Pigs Invasion”? Was it successful?
an american invasion to overthrow Castro
unsuccessful
Which president’s program for governing was called the “New Frontier”?
Kennedy
When did LBJ serve as president?
1963 to 1969
Know the following about Ho Chi Minh.
He was a Communist leader in Vietnam (fought against the USA and the South Vietnamese)
If elections were held after the “temporary” division in 1955, he would’ve been elected
He received support from China and the USSR
Which President famously urged in a speech in Berlin, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”?
ronald reagan
The number of U.S. soldiers killed in Vietnam?
60,000
What was the result of the First Gulf War? (It ended in March of 1991)
an Iraqi defeat and retreat from Kuwait
What is meant by the phrase Guns and Butter?
military and domestic spending
Who was John Henry Hammond? Name 3 famous musicians he discovered
John Henry Hammond II was an American record producer, civil rights activist, and music critic
bob dylan, Aretha Franklin, Bruce springsteen,
The _________________ Theory convinced JFK to intervene more in Vietnam to stop the spread of Communism.
Domino
What effect did the Tet Offensive have on the American Public?
made americans want the war to end
Which U.S. president was in office when the Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred?
Lyndon Johnson
What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident? How did the U.S. Government Respond
battleships had been fired on by north vietnamese
President Lyndon B. Johnson requested permission from the U.S. Congress to increase the U.S. military presence in Indochina.
Which President was in power when the USA recognized (accepted the existence) Communist China?
reagan
Which Cold War president was the most suspicious of big government domestic programs?
reagan
What was the Tiananmen Square incident of 1989?
a massacre of young adults (college) because they protested (covered up)
Know the countries that were part of the Eastern (Communist) bloc (side)
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
The term “evil empire” (from President Reagan) in your reading was directed at the past and present governments of what country?
Soviet Union/ Russia
Which Cold War President of the USA of the following can best be described as a “realist”? (as opposed to an idealist)
Nixon
Which 3 countries make up French Indochina?
Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos)
What’s the connection between Brown V. Board of Education and Plessey V. Ferguson?
In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that separate accommodations based on race were constitutional. 58 years later in Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka (1954) the court ruled that separate accommodations based on race were inherently unequal and so unconstitutional.
Who was Jackie Robinson? What is he most famous for?
Famous baseball player first african american player
Rosa Parks created the spark that led to the famous Bus Boycott in which city?
Montgomery
How did Thurgood Marshall make history twice? First as a lawyer? Then as a judge?
Thurgood Marshall was a civil rights lawyer who used the courts to fight Jim Crow and dismantle segregation in the U.S. Marshall was a towering figure who became the nation’s first Black United States Supreme Court Justice.
How did the famous Indian leader, Gandhi, influence MLK Jr.?
He drew heavily on the Gandhian idea of nonviolence in his own activism. King wrote that Gandhi was a “guiding light” for him. “Nonviolence” is more than simply agreeing that you won’t physically attack your enemy.
In 1963, MLK gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech on the steps of which monument?
The lincoln memorial
The Little Rock 9 brought integration to what type of school? In which state?
High School
Arkansas
“Bull” Connor was the infamous police chief in which city/state?
Birmingham, Alabama
According to your book, what was the estimated attendance to the 1963 “March on Washington”?
250,000
How long was the march from Selma to Montgomery?
5 day 54 mile march
The tallest monument in Washington D.C. is dedicated to whom?
Washington
What is the most important event for each decade? And defend your answer with at least 2 sentences.
1920s: Women were given the right to vote
1930s: The great depression__
1940s: __WWII___
1950s: The cold War & the Korean War
1960s: ___Veitnam War__
1970s: __Civil RIghts campaign___
