Final Semester 2

Question 1

Discuss the evolution of feudalism and how the system worked during the Middle Ages.

Answer 1

• Evolution-people need protection from riff raff and kingdoms too big to rule, so power is transferred to local noble men
• kings gave fiefs to lords, lords gave protection to serfs in exchange for work and military service.

Question 2

What was a tithe?

Answer 2

10% tax for church

Question 3

What was the 3-field system?

Answer 3

Plant 2 fields, let one fallow

Question 4

What effects did the bubonic plague have on Europe?

Answer 4

Government halted, commerce ceased, trade was disrupted, religious beliefs altered, food production slowed, loss of labor force, loss of knowledge

Question 5

Describe the code of chivalry during the Middle Ages.

Answer 5

complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of his lord, heavenly lord, and his lady
Originally proposed by the Christian church

Question 6

What is the difference between gothic and Romanesque churches? Be able to draw them.

Answer 6

Romanesque- thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches (weight does down)
Gothic- thin walls, large, tall windows, pointed arches, sculptures, stained glass (weight goes to the side) (buttress)

Question 7

What problems were facing the church on the eve of the reformation?

Answer 7

Secular thinking; corruption (simony, lay investure); Luther/indulgence; printing press spreads ideas

Question 8

Who were some of the prominent reformers of this time period and what did they do?

Answer 8

Luther- 95 theses (Lutheran); Calvin- predestination (calvinism); Henry VIII- divorce (Anglican); st ignatius loyola- Jesuits

Question 9

Identify the church practices that Martin Luther was most critical of and what did he do to change them? What ultimately happened to him?

Answer 9

He was against Indulgences, simony (selling church positions), lay investiture (kings appointed church officials), corruption

He he was excommunicated

Question 10

Describe the crusades in as much detail as possible. (Who, what, when, where, why)

Answer 10

who- christians (pope urban II) (Richard the lion heart) and muslims (Saladin)
what- series of holy wars launched by christians to win back Jerusalem
when- 1095 (1000-1300)
where- jerusalem/ Europe
why- Byzantine empire (Constantinople) (Christians) needs help

Question 11

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

Answer 11

education, secular ideas

Question 12

Who were some the the famous Renaissance artists and what did they do?

Answer 12

da vinci- mona lisa, last supper
michealangelo- david, pieta, sistine chapel
raphael- school of athens

Question 13

How did the Renaissance lead to the age of exploration?

Answer 13

full of ideas and desire to seek knowledge. (patrons help pay)

Question 14

What were the three g’s of of exploration?

Answer 14

Glory- for king and country
Gold- rise of mercantilism & joint-stock companies
God- spread Christianity

Question 15

Describe the treaty of tordesillas.

Answer 15

Pope alexander says there is too much conflict. Split world in half. Gave Spain the west, and Portugal the east. Portugal gets all rights to southern and eastern routes to the new world, and Spain gets all routes to the west to get to the new world.

Question 16

What was the triangle trade and which goods traveled between each leg of the trade?

Answer 16

system in which products were traded between europe, africa, and the americas. sugar, tobacco, and cotton to europe-> textiles and rum to africa->slaves to americas

Question 17

What is a revolution?

Answer 17

Sudden, racial, or complete change. overthrow of government or social order in favor of a new system

Question 18

Describe in detail the accomplishments made during the scientific revolution.

Answer 18

We are not at the center of the universe
Elliptical orbits
Laws of motion
Moon is not a perfect sphere

Question 19

Choose any enlightenment or scientific revolution thinker. Describe in detail who they were and what they did. How did they contribute to the world we lived in today?

Answer 19

John Locke:
Believed in life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
Established the idea of rights and freedom
Contributed to the Declaration of Independence

Question 20

What was the old regime?

Answer 20

3 estates system- 1- less than 1% clergy (no tax); 2: less than 2% nobles (little to no tax); 3- 97% of the pop. everyone else (bourgeoise)-> educated and good jobs (heavy tax)

Question 21

Describe the estate system in France prior to the revolution.

Answer 21

3 estates,: clergy, nobles common people

1st estate: 97% of population

Question 22

Who were Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?

Answer 22

king and queen of france, were extremely greedy and made many mistakes

Question 23

What was the reign of terror?

Answer 23

period of extreme death caused by robspierre, head of commitee of public safety. used the quillotine to execute innocent people

Question 24

What were napoleons three costly mistakes?

Answer 24

1. Invasion of Russia 2. Invasion of Portugal 3. Continental system

Question 25

What were some of the major changes that occurred during the industrial revolution?

Answer 25

Mass production of goods
Increase of jobs
Diseases
Poor working conditions

Question 26

What were some of the problems created with industrialization?

Answer 26

sickness death, bad for enviroment

Question 27

Explain the evolution of labor unions.

Answer 27

Factory workers faced long hours of dirty and dangerous working conditions and the had the fear of being laid off. By the 1800s working people became more active in politics and joined together to form unions

Question 28

Describe the tenets of capitalism, communism, socialism, and utilitarianism.

Answer 28

capitalism- private businesses, earn money for yourself
communism- everyone is equal
socialism- rich are taxed to give $ to poor
utilitarianism- whatever benefits the largest amount of people

Question 29

Define nationalism and imperialism.

Answer 29

nationalism- being loyal or proud of ones country

imperialism- defending a countrys power through diplomates of military force

Question 30

What were some of the background causes of WWI?

Answer 30

1) The rise of nationalism- which was a devotion to one’s nation
2) imperialism – nations of Europe competed to colonize Africa and Asia
3) militarism- The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an Army prepared for war

Question 31

How did the murder of Archduke Ferdinand lead to WWI?

Answer 31

serbians killed the archiduke and eventually war broke out, germans supported austria-hungary adn russia supported serbians, that led to many alliances and war

Question 32

What was the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 32

germanys plan of attack to invade france then proceed around russia

Question 33

Which countries made up the Triple Entente? Which countries make up the triple alliance?

Answer 33

T.E.- russia, france

T.A.- germany, austria-hungary, italy

Question 34

What was “armed neutrality”?

Answer 34

When a state or group is not part of an alliance, but they are armed for their own protection

Question 35

What was unrestricted submarine warfare? Who used this policy?

Answer 35

type of warfare that the germans used where they randomly sank any ship they saw without warning

Question 36

Discuss the importance of the Zimmerman telegram in bringing the United States into war.

Answer 36

after some citizens were killed by germans, the telegram just pushed the U.S. over the edge

Question 37

Why did the U.S. join the war?

Answer 37

the germans sank a U.S. ship and sent a telegram to mexico telling how they would defeat the U.S.

Question 38

What were some of the new methods used of warfare that emerged during WWI?

Answer 38

chemical warfare, trench warfare, tanks, machine guns

Question 39

Discuss the provisions of the treaty of Versailles and how it may have lead to WWII.

Answer 39

Taking land from Germany
Germany taking all the blame (war guilt clause)
Reparations
Demilitarize
All that leads to Adolf hitler because he motivates people and encourages them to take control again