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Biology > Final Review W > Flashcards

Final Review W Flashcards

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0
Q

Which monosaccharide is used by cells as an energy source

A

Glucose

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1
Q

What kind of organic compound stores the most energy

A

Lipids

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2
Q

What are the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction

A

Reactants are what goes into a chemical reaction and the products are what comes out

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3
Q 
What are enzymes 
What class of organic compounds do they belong to and what do they do
A

A special type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst. They belong to proteins and act as a carrying molecules

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4
Q

What is a substrate
What is the active site
What is a catalyst and other name for it

A

A substrate is the reactants of enzyme catalyzed reaction
An active site is where the enzyme fits into the substrate
A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the EA

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5
Q

Explain the relationship between the shape of the enzyme active site and the substrate

A

They have complementary shapes and the enzyme fits into the substrate like a lock and key

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6
Q

What are some factors and could impact the function of an enzyme

A

They can be denatured by high heat, and a strong acid or base

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7
Q

Reactants products and what organelle is cellular respiration

A

Reactants are oxygen and glucose
Products are carbon dioxide water and energy
Organelle is mitochondria

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8
Q

Reactants products and organelle for photosynthesis

A

Reactants are carbon dioxide water and sunlight
Products are glucose and oxygen
Organelle is chloroplast

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9
Q

What is the first step of photosynthesis

A

Light dependent reactions

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10
Q

What is made during the light dependent reactions and provides energy for light independent reactions

A

ATP and NADPH

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11
Q

What molecule captures energy from the sunlight

A

Chlorophyll

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12
Q

Purpose of cellular respiration and chemical reaction

A

To break down glucose and food molecules

6 oxygen glucose equals 6 carbon dioxide 6 water ATP

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13
Q

What is an organelle

A

Organized or specialized structures living within a cell

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Made of microtubules and micro filaments, cell shape, help cells move

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts chemical energy in food to usable cells that need more energy

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A

Converts solar energy to chemical energy stored in food called photosynthesis

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17
Q

What is the difference between cilia and flagella

A

Cilia is short, numerous, hair like structure

Flagella is longer, whip like, and one or two

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18
Q

Main components of cell membrane

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, carbohydrates

19
Q

Difference between endocytosis and exocytosis

A

Endocytosis is taking materials into the cell by infoldings or pocket
Exocytosis is a process in which the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cel

20
Q

How is pinocytosis different from phagocytosis

A

Pinocytosis is cell drinking and intakes small drops of liquids phagocytosis is cell eating and intakes of solids

21
Q

What is a hormone and how do they work in an organism

A

A chemical that is produced in one part of an organism and affects another part of the same individual

22
Q

What is DNA replication
Why is it necessary
When does it occur

A

Process of copying DNA into another molecule of DNA
It gives new cells produced a complete set of chromosomes
It occurs in the s phase on interphase in the cell before mitosis

23
Q

What happens during transcription

A

DNA is unzipped and copied and RNA polymerase pairs free floating nucleotides with unzipped stands. Only one strand acts as a template

24
Q

What happens during translation

A

Converts or translated the information in a sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that make up proteins

25
Q

Role of mRNA rRNA tRNA during translation

A

mRNA attaches to the rRNA and reads the mRNA in groups
tRNA carries amino acids
An anticodon determines where an amino acid attaches to to ribosome
A codon is a group of 3 mRNA

26
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Cytoplasm

27
Q

DNA codes for what biological molecule

A

Proteins

28
Q

List three causes of mutations

A

Chemicals
UV radiation
Viruses

29
Q

Growth and division portion of the cell cycle

A

G1 phase is the period of growth

M phase and cytokinesis are the portions of division

30
Q

3 parts of interphase

A

G1 growth
S phase DNS replicates itself
G2 phase the cell prepares for mitosis

31
Q

What is divided in mitosis and cytokinesis

A

In mitosis cell divides and in cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides

32
Q

Phases of mitosis

A

Prophase - chromatin coils up and becomes visible chromosomes
Metaphase - chromosomes line up at equator
Anaphase - the chromosomes split and move toward opposite poles
Telophase - the chromosomes uncoil and become invisible

33
Q

Where in the cell cycle do the daughter cells go after cytokinesis is complete

A

Back to interphase

34
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular

A

We can grow, replace damage cells, replace cells that have died

35
Q

What is a zygote and how does it become a multicellular organism

A

A fertilized egg and by dividing

36
Q

List the stages of development of an embryo in order

A 
Zygote
Embryo
Marula
Blastula 
Fetus
37
Q

Why does every cell in your body have identical DNA

A

Because the cell divides and passes DNA on

38
Q

What is differentiation

A

When cells have different jobs

39
Q

What are specialized cells

A

Cells with different structures carrying out different functions

40
Q

What causes cells to differentiate and become specialized

A

The turning off and on of genes during the development of the embryo

41
Q

What is a stem cell

A

A cell in the body whose job has not yet been determined and has the potential to become any cell

42
Q

Totipotent cells

A

Total potential to develop into a new individual can become any cell

43
Q

Pluripotent

A

Most potential and can become almost any cell

44
Q

Multi potent

A

Lead much potential and can become a limited range of cells

45
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Double helix
Sides are switching sugar and phosphate groups
Rungs are nitrogen bases

Biology (6 decks)

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