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Philosophy > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Must hand write later

Argument

A
  • Piece of reasoning; a collection of statements, some of which intend to support another
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2
Q

Statement

A
  • A sentence that makes a truth claim
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3
Q

Premise

A
  • A statement that intends to support another statement
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4
Q

Conclusion

A
  • The statement the truth of which the argument intends to establish
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5
Q

Inference

A
  • The active process that makes reasoning different from mere thinking
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6
Q

Deductive Argument

A
  • Validity
  • Soundness
  • Affirming the Antecedent
  • Denying the Consequent
  • Disjunctive Syllogism
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7
Q

Validity

A
  • A deductive argument that succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion
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8
Q

Soundness

A
  • A deductively valid argument that has true premises
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9
Q

Inductive Argument

A
  • Logical Strength
  • Cogency
  • Argument by Analogy
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10
Q

Logical Strength

A
  • An Inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable support for its conclusion
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11
Q

Cogency

A
  • A strong inductive argument with all true premises
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12
Q

Logical Relations

A
  • Negation
  • Conjunction
  • Disjunction
  • Implication
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13
Q

Negation

A

Not P

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14
Q

Conjunction

A

P and Q

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15
Q

Disjunction

A

P or Q

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16
Q

Implication (conditional)

A

if P then Q

17
Q

Argument Assessment

A
  • Acceptability
  • Relevance
  • Adequacy
18
Q

Acceptability

A
  • Is there good reason to believe that the premises are true?
19
Q

Relevance

A
  • Do the premises have anything to do with the conclusion? (If the premises are true, the conclusion is more likely to be true)
20
Q

Adequacy

A
  • Do the premises provide enough support for the conclusion?
21
Q

Fallacies

A

Identify the fallacies!!!

22
Q

Argument Reconstruction

A
  • Diagramming Arguments
  • T- Argument
  • V-Argument
23
Q

T-Argument

A
  • Premises provide dependent support for the conclusion
24
Q

V-Argument

A
  • Premises provide independent support for the conclusion
25
Q

Clarity and Meaning

A
  • Reportive
  • Stipulative
  • Essentialist
26
Q

Reportive

A
  • Conveys standard usage of the term
27
Q

Stipulative

A
  • Attaches a particular meaning to a term
28
Q

Essentialist

A
  • Expresses a compressed theory
29
Q

Ambiguity

A
  • Open to multiple interpretations (more than one meaning)
30
Q

Vagueness

A
  • Meaning is imprecise

Philosophy (6 decks)

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