Final Review

Question 1

Must hand write later

Argument

Answer 1

• Piece of reasoning; a collection of statements, some of which intend to support another

Question 2

Statement

Answer 2

• A sentence that makes a truth claim

Question 3

Premise

Answer 3

• A statement that intends to support another statement

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

• The statement the truth of which the argument intends to establish

Question 5

Inference

Answer 5

• The active process that makes reasoning different from mere thinking

Question 6

Deductive Argument

Answer 6

• Validity
• Soundness
• Affirming the Antecedent
• Denying the Consequent
• Disjunctive Syllogism

Question 7

Validity

Answer 7

• A deductive argument that succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion

Question 8

Soundness

Answer 8

• A deductively valid argument that has true premises

Question 9

Inductive Argument

Answer 9

• Logical Strength
• Cogency
• Argument by Analogy

Question 10

Logical Strength

Answer 10

• An Inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable support for its conclusion

Question 11

Cogency

Answer 11

• A strong inductive argument with all true premises

Question 12

Logical Relations

Answer 12

• Negation
• Conjunction
• Disjunction
• Implication

Question 13

Negation

Answer 13

Not P

Question 14

Conjunction

Answer 14

P and Q

Question 15

Disjunction

Answer 15

P or Q

Question 16

Implication (conditional)

Answer 16

if P then Q

Question 17

Argument Assessment

Answer 17

• Acceptability
• Relevance
• Adequacy

Question 18

Acceptability

Answer 18

• Is there good reason to believe that the premises are true?

Question 19

Relevance

Answer 19

• Do the premises have anything to do with the conclusion? (If the premises are true, the conclusion is more likely to be true)

Question 20

Adequacy

Answer 20

• Do the premises provide enough support for the conclusion?

Question 21

Fallacies

Answer 21

Identify the fallacies!!!

Question 22

Argument Reconstruction

Answer 22

• Diagramming Arguments
• T- Argument
• V-Argument

Question 23

T-Argument

Answer 23

• Premises provide dependent support for the conclusion

Question 24

V-Argument

Answer 24

• Premises provide independent support for the conclusion

Question 25

Clarity and Meaning

Answer 25

• Reportive
• Stipulative
• Essentialist

Question 26

Reportive

Answer 26

• Conveys standard usage of the term

Question 27

Stipulative

Answer 27

• Attaches a particular meaning to a term

Question 28

Essentialist

Answer 28

• Expresses a compressed theory

Question 29

Ambiguity

Answer 29

• Open to multiple interpretations (more than one meaning)

Question 30

Vagueness

Answer 30

• Meaning is imprecise