final review Flashcards
final exam
Pes anserina Bursa
bursa behind the semitendenosus, gracilis and sartorius
Housemaids knee
pre-patellar bursitis
valgus stress
MCL
varus stress
LCL
Anterior drawer/ lachman
ACL
posterior drawer
PCL
McMurray
meniscus medial and lateral
patellar apprehension
patellar subluxation/dislocation
effusion
milking, patellar ballotment
action and muscles:
C5
shoulder abduction
deltoid/ supraspinatous
action and muscles:
C6
biceps
brachialis/ biceps C5, 6
action and muscles:
C7
triceps
triceps c7
action and muscles:
C8
finger flex
FDS/FDP/lumbricals C8
action and muscles:
T1
finger intrinsics
dorsal/palmar interossei T1
action and muscles:
L1
hip flexion
iliopsoas L1-3
action and muscles:
L2
hip adduction
adductor longus L2-4
action and muscles:
L3
lower leg extension
quad L2-4
action and muscles:
L4
foot dorsiflexion
anterior tibialis L4
action and muscles:
L5
big toe dorsiflexion
extensor hallucis longus L5
action and muscles:
S1
foot plantarflexion
soleus/gastroc S1-S2
Piriformis Syndrome
compression of the sciatic nerve at sciatic notch
Stensen’s duct is found on
opposite 2nd maxillary molar
cobblestoning
lymphatics
medial ligaments of ankle
deltoid
lateral ligaments of ankle
anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
inversion ankle injury
lateral malleolus
navicular
5th metatarsal base
glaucoma what ratio is increased
increased cup to disc ratio
possible reasons of why there is an absent red reflex
- retinoblastoma
- congenital cataract
Horner’s syndrome symptoms
- miosis
- ptosis
- anhydrosis
kernig test for
meningeal irritation
brudzinski test for
meningeal irritation
pterygium
conjunctival growth- benign
anisicoria
traumatic mydriasis
optic neuritis might result in
papilledema
special test of the hip
FABER/patrick
motion of supraspinatus
abduction
motion of infraspinatus
external rotation
motion of subscapularis
internal rotation
motion of teres minor
extension and external rotation
motion for medial nerve
wrist flexion
motion for radial nerve
wrist extensor
motion of ulnar nerve
finger adduction
elbow integrated function
tinel
elbow special test for elbow
medial/lateral epicondylitis
hand special test
tinel
phalen
finkelstein
A wave
right atrial contraction
X-descent
right atrial relaxation, ventricular contraction
V-wave
right atrial filling
Y descent
opening of tricuspid valve and passive right ventricular filling
Aortic stenosis
- upper sternal border
- radiate to carotid
- crescendo/decrescendo
aortic regurgitation
- left parasternal border
- decrescendo
mitral stenosis
- radiate to axilla
- opening snap
- decrescendo
mitral regurgitation
- left axilla
- holosystolic
tricuspid stenosis
- left sternal border
- split S1
tricuspid regurgitation
- right sternal border
- radiates up
- holosystolic
pulmonic stenosis
2nd intercostal space, left sternal border
- radiates to back
- crescendo/decrescendo
pulmonic regurgitation
- left lower sternal border
- decresendo
what transmits sound better
air or fluid?
fluid transmits sound better than air as long as they are in contact with the airspace
tactile fremitus
increased?
decreased?
increased in conditions that enhance sound flow like alveolar pneumonia
decreased in conditions that block sound flow like masses or pleural effusions
percussion is increased in
COPD and markedly so in pheumothorax
is C wave visible on a normal patient exam?
Nope
S1 comes after
a wave
S2 comes before the
v wave
broncophony, whispered pectoriloquy, egophony when positive shows that there is a
increased transmission of sound through fluid in consolidated air spaces
locations of normal breath sounds
- tracheal
- bronchial
- bronchovesicular
- vesicular
abnormal pulmonary sounds
- stridor- airway obstruction
- wheezing - respiratory airway
- rales - alveolar
- ronchi - large ariways
shifting dullness
ascites
mood
described by patient
affect
observation by the physician
4 affect terms
- range
- intensity
- appropriateness
- relatedness
5 parameters of speech
- amount
- speed
- volume
- clarity
- fluency
3 parameters of language
- complexity
- comprehension
- coherence
thought process
- relevance and logical connections between thoughts
- tengenital, lossening of associations
thought content
- what patient thinks about
- delusions and obsessions
weber
lateralization
Rinne
air conduction>bone conduction
Reflexes are graded on a 0-4 scale: 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 –
0 – No response 1 – Diminished 2 – Normal 3 – Increased 4 – Hyperactive
XI. Spinal
Accessory
● Head, neck, and
shoulder movement
● phonation
Ask patient to elevate shoulders against resistance
XII. Hypoglossal
Tongue movement Ask patient to stick out tongue, looking for deviation to
one side
X. Vagus
● Taste; sensation of pharynx, larynx, and ear ● swallowing ● parasympathetic to heart and abdominal viscera ● phonation Test by listening to the patient speak.
Gag reflex
afferent: 9
efferent: 10
IX. Glossopharyngeal
● Taste posterior 1/3 tongue ● sensation of pharynx and ear ● parotid gland secretion ● elevate palate ● Test the gag reflex; Ask patient to say “Ahhhh” and watch palate elevation.
VIII.
Vestibulocochlear
● Hearing
● equilibrium
● Complete auditory and bone and air conduction tests
for hearing (Weber and Rinne)
● Test balance by asking patient to stand on one foot
and close eyes.
VII. Facial
● Facial expression ● taste anterior 2/3 tongue ● lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual gland secretion ● sensation of palate and external ear ● Motor function: the patient is asked to bare teeth, puff out checks, and close eyes against resistance while examining for asymmetry. ● Sensation: have patient taste salty, sweet, sour and bitter substances on the anterior tongue
VI. Abducens*
Eye movement – lateral rectus
est lateral deviation of eye.
V. Trigeminal
● Chewing
● general sensation of
face, scalp, and teeth
● Motor function: have patient clench her teeth and
look and feel temporal and masseter muscles.
● Sensation testing: using a cotton swab or finger on
the forehead, cheeks, and jaw, test the ophthalmic,
maxillary, and mandibular divisions.
● Corneal reflex tests V and VII.
IV. Trochlear*
Eye movement – superior
oblique Have patient look downward and inward
III. Oculomotor
● Eye movement – medial, superior, inferior rectus, inferior oblique ● pupillary constriction ● accommodation ● upper eyelid movement ● Have patient open eye and look up. ● Test for pupillary light reflex
II. Optic
Vision Test visual acuity.
I. Olfactory
Smell Have patient smell something such as cinnamon or
vanilla.
rales
alveoli
wheezes
bronchi
stridor
upper airways
pleural rubes
pleura
global reduction in amount of thought
poverty of thought
thought process: the amount of thinking that the patient is engaged in
thought restricted to a limited set of ideas
thought preservation
thought process: the amount of thinking that the patient is engaged in
continuous flow of speech/thought that jumps from topic to topic; a series of loose associations or tangenital thought
flight of ideas
thought process: tempo
thought proceeds slowly with limited associations
retarded thinking
thought process: tempo
follows a logical, progressive course
linear thought
thought process: form/coherence
a symptom of disordered thought marked by tedious, unnecessary detail but where the speaker eventually reaches the point
circumstantial
thought process: form/coherence
subsequent thoughts are linked but proceed in a new or different direction
tangential
thought process: form/coherence
jumping from subject to subject w/out apparent logical pr sequential connections to the listener
loosening of associations
thought process: form/coherence
words/phrases connected due to characteristics of the words themselves (rhyming/pruning) rather than meaning they convey
clang associations
thought process: form/coherence
