Abdomen Flashcards
Bright red blood per rectum due to colon tumor, diverticula dx., ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids
Hematochezia
Black, tarry stool (bleeding of 1st section of duodenum/upper
Melina
Absence of bowel sounds
No sound heard for 2+ mins—> check for renal a./ AA bruits, due to stenosis
Hyperperistalsis creating low- pitched rumbling sounds
Borborygmi
Can you percussions the spleen?where?
Yes, but it is not palpable and you have to do it at the anterior axillary line
right shoulder pain
referred from acute cholecystitis or anything irritating the right hemidiphragm
testicular pain
reffred from renal colic or appendicits
periodic epigastric pain
1-hr after eating–> think gastric peptic ulcer
Pain 2-3 hr after wating
duodenal peptic ulcer
back pain
perforation of duodenal ulcer, pancreatic pain
nocturnal pain
duodenal peptic ulcer
postprandial pain
part of the abdominal angina triad, which also includes anorexia and weight loss
tenesmus
a feeling of needing to void the bowel but unable to defecate
episodic vomiting at height of pain
obstruction
persistent vomiting
toxin, CNS causes or metabolic causes
Green- yellow vomitus
biliary colic
feculent smelling vomitus
intestinal obstruction
is used to detect guarding, tenderness and areas of muscular spasm or rigidity.
Light palpation
is used to determine organ size and presence of abnormal masses.
Deep palpation
involuntary muscle spasm- is indicative of peritoneal irritation, which may be diffuse or localized.
rigidity
abdominal wall muscle tension/contraction, which may be localized or diffuse.
Guarding
sign for peritoneal irritiation
rebound tenderness
This is an area of the abdomen that is 2/3 of the distance between the umbilicus and the right anterior superior iliac spine.
McBurney’s point
tenderness over McBurney’s point is concering for
appendicitis
fluid wave
ascites
Push on the patinet’s LLQ, and if pain is present on the other side (the right lower quadrant, or at McBurney’s Point,
Rovsing’s sign
Tests for inflammation, appendicitis or peritoneal irritation. With the patient lying supine, flex the patient’s leg at the hip with knee bent. Rotate the leg internally
obturator sign
Tests for intra-abdominal inflammation, appendicitis, or psoas abscess. With the patient lying on the unaffected side, passively extend the affected side.
Psoas sign
Seen in acute cholecystitis, an inflamed gallbladder. With the patient lying supine, palpate the liver head on patient’s deep inspiration, feeling for the gall bladder.
Murphy’s sign
