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endocrine S. Horvath > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of hormones

A

peptide and protein
thyroid
catecholamines
steriod

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2
Q

what mediates temp regulation

A

anterior hypothalamus/preoptic nuclei

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3
Q

hypothermia ___ PVR

A

increases

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4
Q

hypothermia causes CO levels in blood to ___

A

decrease - think decreased metabolism

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5
Q

T/F: cerebral oxygen consumption increases 7% for each 1C decrease

A

FALSE - Decreases

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6
Q

T/F Mac decreases 5-7% for every 1C decrease

A

TRUE

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7
Q

The ___ compartment consists of the limbs, skin, and subcutaneous tissue and has ___ of the body’s heat content

A

peripheral, 1/3

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8
Q

The ___ compartment consists of the major thoracic and abd organs and brain and holds ___ of the body’s heat content

A

core, 2/3

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9
Q

The difference btween core and peripheral body temp is maintained by ___

A

vasoconstriction

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10
Q

major method of heat loss to the environment

A

radiation

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11
Q

T/F in the first hour after induction of anesthesia there is a ___ decrease in core temp because of peripheral vasodilation

A

1-1.5

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12
Q

BMR decreases ___ with GA decreasing heat production in the next ___h

A

20-40%, 2-3h

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13
Q

one unit of blood or one liter of room temp crystalloid decrease core body temp by __degreesC

A

.25

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14
Q

T/F GA promotes vasodilation, decreases metabolic rate/heat production , and decrease hypothamaic responsiveness to hypothermia

A

TRUE

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15
Q

BMR decreases __% per year beyond age 30

A

1%

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16
Q

postop shivering is induced by cooling of ____ which causes the involuntary oscillatory muscular activity to increase heat production

A

pre-optic region of hypothalamus

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17
Q

during bacteremia (sepsis), pyogens cause release of ___ , increasing the set point for temp in the hypothal

A

interleukin one. this leads to heat conservation (vasoconstriction) and increased heat production (shivering)

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18
Q

the pituitary gland has ___ divisions

A

4

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19
Q

somatotropes secrete

A

GH

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20
Q

corticotropes secrete

A

ACTH

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21
Q

thyrotropes secrete

A

TSH

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22
Q

gonadotropes secrete

A

FSH/LH

23
Q

lactrotropes secrete

A

prolactin

24
Q

anterior pituitary - adenohypophysis - regulates…

A

thyroid, adrenal, mammry, GH, gonads, melanocytes

25
Q

posterior pit produces

A

oxytocin and ADH

26
Q

posterior pit produces oxytocin and ADH which are synthesized in the ____ and secreted from ____

A

hypothalamus , pituitary

27
Q

ADH is made where

A

supraoptic nucleus

28
Q

ADH increases permeability of the

A

collecting ducts, increasing free water reabsorption

29
Q

V1 receptor has a ___ effect, while V2 receptor has ___ effect

A

pressor, ADH

30
Q

T/F stimulus for release of ADH is osmoreceptor in hypothalamus activated by plasma osmolality >290

A

true. when youre too concentrated you want ADH so you can hang on to water

31
Q

large volume changes activate barorecptors in __ and ____

A

carotid sinus and aortic arch

32
Q

SIADH you have ___natremia , ___ urine, and ____ plasma

A

hypo, concentrated, dilute

33
Q

DI you have ____osmotic urine and ___plasma

A

hypoosmotic urine and hyperosmotic plasma

34
Q

hypernatremia causes ___ MAC

A

increased

35
Q

what does the thyroid gland produce

A

T4 T3 calcitonin

36
Q

T__ is more potent than T__ but it is more scarce and cleared more rapidly

A

3, 4

37
Q

T/F The thyroid secretes 93% thyroxine (T4) and 7% T3 triiodothyonine, though nearly all is converted to T3 in the tissues

A

TRUE

38
Q

TRH is released from the ___

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

TRH causes release of ___ by the ___

A

TSH anterior pit

40
Q

T/F 99% of TH is free in the plasma

A

FALSE bound to protein

41
Q

T/F only free TH is active

A

TRUE

42
Q

TH causes ___ beta receptors and ___ alpha receptors

A

decreased, increased

43
Q

most common cause of hypothyroid

A

hasimotos

44
Q

secondary hypothy

A

inadequate T3, T4 due to TSH not being released from the pituitary

45
Q

tertirary hypothy

A

inadequate T3, T4 d/t TRH from hypothalamus

46
Q

T/F Hyperthyroidism that occurs in infancy leads to mental retardation and growth deficits (cretinism)

A

FALSE Hypo

47
Q

the most severe form of hypothy

A

myxedema coma

48
Q

what is the standard test for thyroid gland function

A

serum T4 Assay

49
Q

T/F Blood levels of TSH are low in primary hypothyroidism

A

FALSE - high

50
Q

T/F blood levels of rT3 are high in euthyroid sick states

A

TRUE

51
Q

synthroid contains ____, while armour thyroid contains ___

A

T4, T3+T4

52
Q

most common form of hyperthy

A

graves

53
Q

thyroid storm usually occurs within ___ postop

A

6-18h

54
Q

what does cortisol do

A

blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, making rT3 instead

endocrine S. Horvath (6 decks)

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