Final review Flashcards
9 stages of competency-based counseling
- Joining
- Choose direction by creating a goal
- Problem definition
- Using presuppositional, future oriented questions in goal setting
- Exceptions
- Questions that highlight pre-session change
- Exception finding question
- Making sense of the exceptions
- Keep change going
SUDS
Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale
MAPS
- Measurable
- Attainable
- Positive
- Specific
DeShazer on stages of motivation and change
- Visitors
- Complainants
- Customers
- Must evaluate what stage clients are in so you begin working in the same place instead of the helper trying to drag the client along.
Jerome Frank on the demoralization process
Client problems and symptoms are worsened by the sense of discouragement and isolation
Benefits of meditation
- Reduces tension
- Reduces constant chattering of the mind and the mental images that produce anxiety
- Produces positive states of happiness, alertness, improved concentration, fearlessness, optimism, joy, and feelings of well-being
The use of homework and precautions
- Should be chosen by the client and achievable
- Should be individually tailored for each client
- Should be practiced regularly
- Should be simple and fit easily with client’s lifestyle
- Should become more challenging over time
Precautions/problems with role-playing
- Stage fright
- May evoke strong emotions
- Not thinking in dramatic terms
Phases of role-playing
- Warm-up
- Action
- Sharing and analysis
Countering technique training
o Do a brief assessment o Identify the negative thought patterns and core beliefs o Identify effective counters o Test counters and modify them o Practice and report
Thought stopping
o Stating the thought
o Create a startling interruption
o Substituting a new thought
Methods for developing self-esteem
ask clients to pay more attention to their strengths and abilities. (CBC)
• Reflect on accomplishments with client.
• Reduce the power of the internal critic and modify self-statements
Sources of low self-esteem
- Irrational beliefs
* Body image
2 key aspects of self-esteem
efficacy
self-worth
Efficacy
an expectation that one can perform a specific task
self-worth
a global feeling that one has the right to exist, that one is basically good and deserves to live
REPLAN
- R- Maintaining a strong helper/client relationship
- E- Enhancing efficacy and self- esteem
- P- Practicing new behaviors
- L- Lowering and raising emotional arousal
- A- Activating client expectations, hope, and motivation
- N- Providing new learning experiences
Developing alternative interpretations
- listens to the client’s problem and then previews and explains the concept of alternative interpretation
- The helper asks the client to make a list of three or four other interpretations that fit the facts at least as well as the catastrophic conclusion of the client
- The helper assigns the homework of creating three or four alternative interpretations to the first interpretation of any disturbing event that occurs between sessions
Problems with advice giving
- The client can get advice from family, friends, and acquaintances
- People do not act upon the counselor’s suggestions
- Real helping is an art that involves getting people to solve their own problems
- If the client follows the helper’s advice, the helper is responsible for the resultant change
- It communicates to the client he or she is unable to solve the problem
- Wrong advice can be severe
- It may violate the values of an individual culture
Constructive goal setting
- Specific
- Simple
- Stated positively – “I want to stop ________” versus “I want to do _______.”
- Important to the client
- Result of collaboration between helper and client
- Realistic
Who owns the problem?
• The one who is emotionally upset by the problem
Timing and setting goals
- Helping begins with establishing the relationship and exploring a number of topics with the client
- Goal setting begins by narrowing the focus to a particular problem/issue
Rationale for goal setting
• Provides a measure and limit for the number of sessions needed to help a client
Steps in increasing emotional awareness
arousal
expression
