Final Review Flashcards
An organism has its genetic make-up written as 2n=8, indicating it can produce \_\_\_ kind of gametes based on the number of chromosomes. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 16
E. 16
Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 1:1 ration for a particular trait. This suggests…
A. That the parents were true breeding for contrasting traits
B. That a blending of traits has occurred
C. It is a result of a testcross of heterozygote plants
D. Each offspring has the same alleles
C. It is a result of a testcross of heterozygote plants
Which of the following statements is/are correct? I. Mutations occur randomly. II. Somatic mutations can be passed to offspring. III. All mutations are bad. A. I B. II C. III D. I and II E. I and III F. II and III G. All true
A. I
Which of the following statements is correct:
A. Mendel’s equal segregation principle cannot be applied to sex chromosome linked genes
B. Mendel’s independent assortment principle can be applied to any two given genes
C. Genetic map is based on calculations of recombination frequencies of linked genes
D. Crossing over takes place between any two chromosomes
C. Genetic map is based on calculations of recombination frequencies of linked genes
The human genome contains three genes for enolase (alpha, beta, and gamma), whereas yeast contains just one for enolase. The three human enolase genes are \_\_\_\_ of each other, wherease the human and yeast enolase genes are \_\_\_\_ of each other. A. orthologs; paralogs B. paralogs; orthologs C. orthologs; homologs D. homologs; paralogs
B. paralogs; orthologs
A gene related to a second gene by descent from a common ancestor.
paralog
Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestor by speciation.
ortholog
A gene inherited in two species by a common ancestor.
homolog
Mary is a healthy 15 year old girl. Mary’s mother Sarah is 45 years old; 5 years ago she was diagnosed with breast cancer associated with the autosomal BRCA1 gene mutation. Sarah’s sister Joan is 50 years old and appears healthy. Which of the following statements is /are true?
I. Mary’s mother has BRCA1 gene, but Mary and her aunt don’t
II. Mary, her mother and aunt will all have BRCA1 genes
III. Breast cancer cells detected in Mary’s mother likely are due to multiple gene mutations
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I and II
E. I and III
F. II and III
E. All true
F. II and III
Which of the statements below is not true with regard to genomic imprinting?
A. DNA methylation is one of the mechanisms that result in genomic imprinting
B. Genomic imprinting can be inheritable
C. Some cases of haploinsufficiency can be explained by genomic imprinting phenomenon
D. An imprinted gene allele is hyperactive
D. An imprinted gene allele is hyperactive
DNA methylation is important to explain lots of biological phenomenon. To study DNA methylation, which of the techniques below can be used? A. in situ hybridization B. Northern hybridization C. RT-PCR D. Bisulfite sequencing technique
D. Bisulfite sequencing technique
Which of the following is true of oncogenes?
I. Their normal function is to inhibit cell proliferation
II. They are the result of dominant mutations of protooncogenes
III. They always are transcription factors
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I and II
B. II
Which of the following is true?
I. Genetic imprinting is a result of change of DNA sequence
II. Epigenome is dynamic and can vary from one developmental stage to another
III. Metagenomics means study the genome of metazon
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I and II
E. I and III
F. II and III
G. All true
B. II
Given that homology is defined as the state of being homologous, and that natural selection presses selection pressure on preserving the information relevant to the gene activity, in general, which level of a gene, such as the Pax6 gene of the zebrafish and its encoded product, should have highest homology among different species, such as among humans, Drosophila and C. elegans?
A. The genomic DNA sequences of Pax6 genes
B. The coding sequence (CDS) of the Pax6 genes
C. The amino acid sequence of the Pax6 proteins
C. The amino acid sequence of the Pax6 proteins
Which of the following statements is/are true?
I. Pseudogenes are considered dead genes because they affect survival
II. Gene duplication always results in the situation that one of the two gene copies gains novel function
A. I
B. II
C. I and II
D. Both false
D. Both false
Which of the following is true?
I. The Hardy-Weinberg principle can be applied to autosomal genes only
II. The Hard-Weinberg principle is based on a few assumptions including random mating, and large population size
III. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium explains eliminations of genes
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I and II
E. I and III
F. II and III
G. All true
D. I and II
You are investigating traits of a new species of beetle. You have isolated two true lines that one line shows blue shells and long antenna, and the other shows green shells and short antenna. Crossing these two lines always yields F1 progeny with blue shells and long antenna. Which shell color is dominant, blue or green?
blue
You are investigating traits of a new species of beetle. You have isolated two true lines that one line shows blue shells and long antenna, and the other shows green shells and short antenna. Crossing these two lines always yields F1 progeny with blue shells and long antenna. Which antenna length is dominant, short or long?
long
Crossing the blue shells and long antenna F1 progeny with beetles that have green shells and short antenna yield the following progeny:
Blue shell, long antenna: 122
Green shell, short antenna: 118
Total: 240
Based on the result above, the linkage relationship between the shell color locus and the antenna length locus is ___ (unlinked, completely linked, or incompletely linked.)
Completely linked
Reverse transcriptase originally was discovered from: A. Bacteria B. DNA virus C. RNA virus D. Drosophila
C. RNA virus
The function of reverse transcriptase is:
A. Make a new DNA strand based on an RNA template strand
B. Make a new DNA strand based on a DNA template
C. Make a new RNA strand based on an RNA template
A. Make a new DNA strand based on an RNA template strand
A reporter gene is a transgene or endogenous gene?
Transgene
A reported gene is often used to report:
A. When the gene of interest is expressed
B. Where the gene of interest is expressed
C. Which DNA element(s), such as enhancers, regulate the gene expression
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What is an ortholog?
A. Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene
B. Genes that have the same function but did not evolve from a common ancestral gene
C. Non-coding region of a gene
D. Coding region of a gene
A. Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene
