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Environmental Systems Pre-AP > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What does renewable mean?

A

Can be replenished within a human lifetime

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2
Q

What does nonrenewable mean?

A

A resource that replenishes extremely slowly

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3
Q

What does sustainable mean?

A

Able to be maintained indefinitely

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4
Q

What is unsustainable?

A

Unable to be maintained in definitely

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5
Q

What is the difference between biodegradable and nonbiodegradable?

A

Biodegradable items are broken down by bacteria over time, while nonbiodegradable items are unable to be broken down.

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6
Q

What are the effects of growing human population on Earth?

A

Depletion of resources and space, pollution and environmental degradation

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7
Q

What are anthropocentric and ecocentric?

A

“Human-centered” and “environment-centered”

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8
Q

What is meant by the “Tragedy of Commons”?

A

Short-term interest of individuals versus the long-term interests of civilization and the Earth itself

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9
Q

How is environmental science an interdisciplinary field?

A

It includes concepts and ideas from multiple fields of study, such as sciences, sociology, philosophy, and politics

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10
Q

Identify the components found in the atmosphere in order of highest concentration to lowest.

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, trace gases

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11
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy

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12
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

CO₂ + H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

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13
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest unit of an element of compound

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14
Q

What is an organism?

A

An individual life form

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15
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms living in the same place at the same time

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16
Q

What is a biological community?

A

Various species in a common location

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17
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The biotic and abiotic factors in an environment

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18
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

All living things on earth

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19
Q

What are density dependent factors?

A

Factors whose effects of dependent on population (disease)

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20
Q

What are density independent factor?

A

Factors with effects unrelated to population size (natural disasters)

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21
Q

What significance does location on the windward or leeward side of a mountain hold?

A

The windward side receives more rain, while the leeward side doesn’t, causing it to be dry and desert-like

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22
Q

Define salinity.

A

The saltiness of a body of water

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23
Q

Define temperature.

A

The degree of heat present

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24
Q

Define dissolved oxygen.

A

The amount of oxygen in a body of water

25
Q

Define euphotic zone.

A

Later in a body of water that receives enough light for photosynthesis

26
Q

What is the benthic zone?

A

Later in a body of water that doesn’t receive enough light for photosynthesis

27
Q

What is turbidity?

A

The clarity of water

28
Q

Describe temperature, oxygen concentration, water velocity, nutrient level, and salinity for the source of a river.

A

Cold, oxygen-rich, low in nutrients, low in salinity, and fast-moving

29
Q

What’s the difference between a swamp, marsh, and bog?

A

A swamp is a wetland with trees, a marsh is a wetland without, and a bog is a wetland characterized by plants that produce an acidic secretion

30
Q

What are the benefits to wetlands?

A

Biodiversity, flood control, and water pollution control

31
Q

Distinguish between coastal zone, benthic zone, open ocean, and tidal zone?

A

The coastal and tidal zones have lots of biodiversity and an abundance of sunlight, while the open ocean and benthic zones have less biodiversity.

32
Q

What is the current human population?

A

7 billion people

33
Q

Identify human population growth curves prior and post industrial revolution.

A

Before the industrial revolution, the growth curve was linear. After, it was exponential.

34
Q

What is the formula for doubling time?

A

70/current % growth rate

35
Q

Where is the majority of water found on earth?

A

Oceans

36
Q

What is the greatest source of freshwater on earth?

A

Glaciers

37
Q

What accounts for the greatest anthropogenic use of water?

A

Agricultural irrigation

38
Q

What are the goals of the “Clean Water Act”?

A

To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters

39
Q

What are the goals of the “Safe Drinking Water Act”?

A

To protect the quality of drinking water in the U.S.

40
Q

Why are CO₂, CH₄, H₂O, and NO significant?

A

They are greenhouse gases

41
Q

Why are chlorofluorocarbons significant?

A

They destroy ozone

42
Q

What are the effects of global warming on the hydrologic cycle?

A

Increased evaporation

43
Q

What is the link between acid rain and soil pH?

A

The more acid rain, the lower the soil pH

44
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar power?

A

It is clean and its modules require little maintenance, but it doesn’t work in cold, cloudy areas

45
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

A

It’s environmentally friendly, but expensive and impacts aquatic life

46
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind power?

A

It doesn’t cause air pollution and creates jobs, but require lots of wind

47
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A

Clean and requires no fuel, but can’t be harnessed everywhere.

48
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

It’s clean and sustainable, but have dangerous effects

49
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of putting ethanol into fuel?

A

Ethanol is renewable and produces less CO₂ when burned, and can be grown, produced, and distributed locally. It also provides jobs. On the other hand, it’s not suitable for use in cold temperatures and can cause a food shortage.

50
Q

How is Brazil considered a leader when it comes to green cars?

A

Brazil has all its cars able to run on pure ethanol and give consumers the option to use ethanol. The first mass produced flex car was made in Brazil.

51
Q

If an engine was 20% efficient, where would the remaining energy go when the engine was in use?

A

It would be released as heat

52
Q

During what time period did most of the coal on earth form?

A

Carboniferous period; world was covered in swamps

53
Q

What makes up the majority of the mass of fossil fuels?

A

Carbon

54
Q

Explain the general workings of a power plant.

A

The energy source spins a turbine.

55
Q

What are oil, coal, and natural gas derived from?

A

Prehistoric plant fossils

56
Q

How are bacterial infections treated?

A

Antibiotics

57
Q

Determine the most → least toxic substance, given its LD50 value.

A

The lower the LD50, the more toxic the substance

58
Q

Why is veal paper in color than regular beef?

A

Because the calf from the veal was raised on a milk-based diet and lacks certain minerals (iron)

59
Q

Why is consumption of ground beef more dangerous than consumption of steak?

A

Ground beef comes from many different cows, and if when gets a disease, all the meat is infected. Steak comes from only one cow.

Environmental Systems Pre-AP (12 decks)

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