Dolphin Ecosystem Ecology Quiz Flashcards
What’s the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
Bioaccumulation is how pollution enters a food chain while biomagnification described how the concentration of a pollutant increases as you go up the food chain
Give an example of bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
Accumulation of fluoride in the bone; Mercury
Explain how biomagnification impacts apex predators.
Because apex predators are at the top of the food chain, if something’s not right with them, you know all the organisms in the lower trophic levels are unsafe as well.
What are sentinel species?
Species that indicate something is wrong.
When do trophic cascades occur?
When you have more or less apex predators.
Distinguish between innate and adaptive immune responses.
Innate immunity refers to a nonspecific first line of defense, skin, while adaptive immunity refers to a specific immune response that is acquired.
What immune system are vaccines an example of?
Secondary immune system
How do vaccines work?
They develop immunity by imitating infection without causing illness and produce antibodies
Explain what antigens and antibodies are and what they do; identify which cells make them and which use them.
Antigens are like locks while antibodies are the weapons used to destroy them. Antigens are viruses while antibodies are white blood cells. Antibodies are produced by the presence of antigens. They neutralize them and remember them so you’re immune.
List factors that can cause immunosuppression.
Malnutrition, HIV, cancer, and crude oil.
What are the three classes of hormones?
Amines, steroids, proteins
How are ecosystems, trophic levels, and food webs related?
Ecosystems are made up of food webs, which are made up of trophic levels.
