Final Review 3

Question 1

How does ATP create energy?

Answer 1

ATP hydrolysis (ATP => ADP + inorganic phosphate)

Question 2

What part of ATP hydrolysis releases energy and what part absorbs energy?

Answer 2

Absorbs: breaking of ATP bond
Releases: creation of bond with H2O

Question 3

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 3

2 pyruvates, 1 NADH and 1 ATP

Question 4

What are the products on pyruvate processing?

Answer 4

2 acetyl coa, 1 NADH, 2 CO2

Question 5

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 5

4 CO2, 1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 FADH2

Question 6

How many carbons are in pyruvates? How many carbons are in acetyl coa?

Answer 6

Puruvate: 3 C
Acetyl CoA: 2 C

Question 7

What is the matrix vs intermembrane space?

Answer 7

Intermembrane space = outside of inner membrane
Matrix = inside inner membrane

Question 8

What are unused carbs stored as?

Answer 8

Glycogen and fat

Question 9

What molecule is used when there is no glucose or glycogen available? What is used when that molecule is used up?

Answer 9

Fat and then amino acids

Question 10

When does fermentation occur

Answer 10

When there is no oxygen

Question 11

What happens in fermentation

Answer 11

Pyruvates accept electrons from NADH, regenerating NAD+, which allows glycolysis to repeat

Question 12

What are the products of fermentation?

Answer 12

Lactic acid, 1 NADH, 1 ATP

Question 13

What is the result of fermentation in yeast cells?

Answer 13

Ethanol and CO2

Question 14

What part of the chloroplast does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 14

Thylakoid membrane

Question 15

What is the stroma? What is the thylakoid lumen?

Answer 15

Stroma = liquid in chlorophyll
Thylakoid lumen = inside of thylakoid disk

Question 16

Where is light absorbed in photosystems and where does it go?

Answer 16

Absorbed in light absorbing pigments, sent to chlorophyll special a pair, which loses an electron. The electron is sent to the primary electron acceptor.

Question 17

What happens in light dependent reaction?

Answer 17

photosystem 2 absorbs light energy, prompting P680 to lose an electron, which is sent down an ETC to photosystem 1. Lost electron is regained by splitting H2O. Photosystem 1 absorbs more light to regenerate energy lost from first ETC and sends it to NADP+ reductase.

Question 18

What happens in the Calvin cycle

Answer 18

6 CO2, 6RUBP come together to form 12 PGAL. 2 PGAL used to make 1 glucose, other 10 used to remake RUBP. Also requires ATP and NADPH from LDR.

Question 19

What is the stomata

Answer 19

Pores in plants that allow CO2 in, and H2O and O2 out

Question 20

what are the differences between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis

Answer 20

C3: normal photosynthesis
C4: prevents photorespiration (plants in hot, wet climate)
CAM: prevents photorespiration and water loss (plants in hot, dry climate)

Question 21

How does C4 photosynthesis work?

Answer 21

PEP carboxylase grabs CO2 and converts to intermediate. Intermediate brought into bundle sheath cell, where Calvin cycle happens.

Question 22

How does CAM photosynthesis work?

Answer 22

Open stomata at night, closed stomata during the day. Intermediate is stored in vacuoles until day. CO2 byproduct is then brought to mesophyll cell and Calvin cycle occurs.