Final Review 3 Flashcards
How does ATP create energy?
ATP hydrolysis (ATP => ADP + inorganic phosphate)
What part of ATP hydrolysis releases energy and what part absorbs energy?
Absorbs: breaking of ATP bond
Releases: creation of bond with H2O
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvates, 1 NADH and 1 ATP
What are the products on pyruvate processing?
2 acetyl coa, 1 NADH, 2 CO2
What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
4 CO2, 1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 FADH2
How many carbons are in pyruvates? How many carbons are in acetyl coa?
Puruvate: 3 C
Acetyl CoA: 2 C
What is the matrix vs intermembrane space?
Intermembrane space = outside of inner membrane
Matrix = inside inner membrane
What are unused carbs stored as?
Glycogen and fat
What molecule is used when there is no glucose or glycogen available? What is used when that molecule is used up?
Fat and then amino acids
When does fermentation occur
When there is no oxygen
What happens in fermentation
Pyruvates accept electrons from NADH, regenerating NAD+, which allows glycolysis to repeat
What are the products of fermentation?
Lactic acid, 1 NADH, 1 ATP
What is the result of fermentation in yeast cells?
Ethanol and CO2
What part of the chloroplast does photosynthesis occur in?
Thylakoid membrane
What is the stroma? What is the thylakoid lumen?
Stroma = liquid in chlorophyll
Thylakoid lumen = inside of thylakoid disk
Where is light absorbed in photosystems and where does it go?
Absorbed in light absorbing pigments, sent to chlorophyll special a pair, which loses an electron. The electron is sent to the primary electron acceptor.
What happens in light dependent reaction?
photosystem 2 absorbs light energy, prompting P680 to lose an electron, which is sent down an ETC to photosystem 1. Lost electron is regained by splitting H2O. Photosystem 1 absorbs more light to regenerate energy lost from first ETC and sends it to NADP+ reductase.
What happens in the Calvin cycle
6 CO2, 6RUBP come together to form 12 PGAL. 2 PGAL used to make 1 glucose, other 10 used to remake RUBP. Also requires ATP and NADPH from LDR.
What is the stomata
Pores in plants that allow CO2 in, and H2O and O2 out
what are the differences between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis
C3: normal photosynthesis
C4: prevents photorespiration (plants in hot, wet climate)
CAM: prevents photorespiration and water loss (plants in hot, dry climate)
How does C4 photosynthesis work?
PEP carboxylase grabs CO2 and converts to intermediate. Intermediate brought into bundle sheath cell, where Calvin cycle happens.
How does CAM photosynthesis work?
Open stomata at night, closed stomata during the day. Intermediate is stored in vacuoles until day. CO2 byproduct is then brought to mesophyll cell and Calvin cycle occurs.
