Final Review 1 Flashcards
What molecules are lipids mostly composed of
C and H
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated phospholipid tails?
Saturated = not bent, less permeability
Unsaturated = bent, more permeability
What is a hypertonic vs hypotonic solution
Hypertonic = more solute outside than inside
Hypotonic = more solute inside than outside
What is allosteric vs competitive inhibition
Allosteric = binds outside of active site
Competitive = binds to active site
What are proteoglycans?
Part of ECM that protects the cell
What are collagen
Part of ECM that provides strength and form
What are integrins
Connects inside of cell and ECM
If a signal is lipid insoluble, where is the receptor?
It is outside the cell
How do G protein receptors work
Signal binds to receptor, turns GDP into GTP, activating G protein. G protein binds to enzyme that releases second messenger, which induces response
How to RTK receptors work
Signal binds to receptor, RTK dimerizes and then phosphorylates, bridging protein connects RTK and Ras, and activates it, starting phosphorylation cascade
What type of dna polymerase is used for leading vs lagging strand?
DNA poly alpha/epsilon = leading
DNA poly sigma = lagging
What are the mutation repair systems?
Proofreading: during replication
Mismatch repair: after dna synthesis
Nucleotide excision repair: after dna synthesis, fixes UV ray damage
What are cyclins and CDKs
Cyclins: prompt movement between phases by activating CDKs
CDKs: target proteins, make them more or less active
M phase promoting factor
CDK that induces M phase in all eukaryotes
What is anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome
Adds ubiquitin to targets, destroying them
What is p53
Tumor suppressor, causes production of cdk inhibitors that stop cell cycle, and allow cell to fix damage. If damage is unfixable, cell undergoes apoptosis
