Final Review

Question 0

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 0

It controls information about the body’s internal and external environment, processes it, then responds to it

Question 1

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 1

It controls body processes that occur slowly and regulates hormones

Question 2

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 2

They carry impulses from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord.

Question 3

What do interneurons do?

Answer 3

They process sensory information and send commands

Question 4

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 4

They carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

Question 5

What is the main control point of the nervous system?

Answer 5

The brain

Question 6

How does the brain work?

Answer 6

Synapses make the brain work by transferring messages from cell to cell

Question 7

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

To help a cell reproduce to two identical daughter cells

Question 8

Stages of cell cycle and what happens during each

Answer 8

Interphase: cell prepares to divide
Prophase: chromotin condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase: chromosomes like up to middle of cell
Anaphase: chromotins pulled to opposite sides
Telophase: nucleoli a reappears

Question 9

Law of segregation

Answer 9

Each allele has an equal chance of getting passed on

Question 10

Law of independent assortment

Answer 10

Each trait has an equal chance of getting passed if they are on separate chromosomes

Question 11

Genotype/phenotype

Answer 11

Genotype: has to do with genes
Phenotype: actual appearance

Question 12

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 12

Chromosomes that are in a pair— one from father and one from mother

Question 13

What is meiosis?

Answer 13

The process for creating gametes

Question 14

What’s a diploid? Haploid?

Answer 14

Diploid: cells with a full set of chromosomes

Haploid: cells with half the number of chromosomes

Question 15

Structure of DNA?

Answer 15

Sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 16

Who first discovered DNA?

Answer 16

Watson and Crick

Question 17

What are the 4 bases of DNA?

Answer 17

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 18

Which comes first, transcription or translation?

Answer 18

Transcription

Question 19

What is DNA replication?

Answer 19

The process of making copies of DNA for every cell

Question 20

What is transcription?

Answer 20

The process of converting the message from DNA to RNA

Question 21

mRNA

Answer 21

One strand of DNA located on the nucleus

Question 22

rRNA

Answer 22

On ribosome

Question 23

tRNA

Answer 23

Pairs with 3 letters from mRNA to create a codon

Question 24

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 24

Cytoplasm

Question 25

What is translation?

Answer 25

Turns mRNA to a protein

Question 26

What's mutagen?

Answer 26

An agent that causes a change in DNA/chromosomes

Question 27

What is deletion?

Answer 27

When a gene is removed

Question 28

What's insertion?

Answer 28

A gene is duplicated

Question 29

Types of mutations and what do they do?

Answer 29

Point-base substitution(can be silent) | Frame shift: addition or deletion of a base

Question 30

Incomplete dominance

Answer 30

Mixture (mixing paint)

Question 31

Co-dominance

Answer 31

You can see both

Question 32

Multiple alleles

Answer 32

Blood types

Question 33

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 33

Prophase 1

Question 34

What's a karyotype?

Answer 34

A picture of your chromosomes

Question 35

What type of information can be learned from a karyotype?

Answer 35

Genetic diseases

Question 36

Various applications for genetic engineering?

Answer 36

Improving the quality and quantity of medicines

Question 37

Drawbacks of genetic engineering?

Answer 37

Too much money, animal cruelty

Question 38

Darwin (natural selection)

Answer 38

Nature selects; favorable traits

Question 39

Lamarck (acquired characteristics)

Answer 39

Select favorable traits

Question 40

Evidence for evolution

Answer 40

Adaptation: acquired traits Fossils: preserved traces of organisms Anatomical: bones, muscles Embryological: similar Embryological stages Physiological: adaptations that occur within the body

Question 41

Directional natural selection

Answer 41

Favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

Question 42

Stabilizing selection

Answer 42

Favors average variation of a trait

Question 43

Disruptive selection

Answer 43

Favors both extremes of a variation or a trait

Question 44

Geographical isolation

Answer 44

Division of a population by a physical barrier

Question 45

Reproductive isolation

Answer 45

Interbreeding is no longer possible in a species even though they are classified in the same species

Question 46

What is p^2 in HW?

Answer 46

Homozygous dominant

Question 47

What does 2pq mean in HW?

Answer 47

Heterozygous

Question 48

What does q^2 mean in HW?

Answer 48

Homozygous recessive

Question 49

Are q^2, p^2, 2pq, p, and q decimals or whole numbers?

Answer 49

Decimals

Question 50

What number does q^2, p^2, and 2pq add up to?

Answer 50

One

Question 51

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 51

Absorbs nutrients and creates solid wastes

Question 52

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 52

Gas exchange

Question 53

What does the excretory system do?

Answer 53

Eliminates waste from blood

Question 54

What does the immune system do?

Answer 54

Fights invaders

Question 55

What does the skeletal system do?

Answer 55

Movement, support, protects organs, mineral storage, blood cells production

Question 56

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Answer 56

Regulates body temperature and protects against foreign invaders

Question 57

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 57

To transport oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body. It also regulates body temperature

Question 58

What does plasma do?

Answer 58

The water in it helps regulate body temperature

Question 59

What percent of plasma is water?

Answer 59

55%

Question 60

What is blood?

Answer 60

A liquid tissue

Question 61

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 61

To transport oxygen

Question 62

List the 4 components of blood from least dense to most dense

Answer 62

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 63

What is the function of white blood cells

Answer 63

To guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria

Question 64

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 64

To help with blood clotting