Chemistry Quiz Flashcards
What percent of elements are essential in loving things?
25%
What is an element
A substance that cannot be broken down
What elements make up 96% of the human body?
Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are the 3 basic subatomic particles
Neutrons-no charge, neutral, in the nucleus, n^0
Protons-positive, found in the nucleus p^+
Electrons-negative, found in energy levels e^-
Each energy level can…
Hold a specific number of electrons
1-2
2-8
3-18
Atoms contain _________. Therefore, they have _________.
Equal numbers of protons and electrons;no overall net charge
Atoms can have ______ and therefore have ________.
Different numbers of neutrons;different atomic mass
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called _______.
Isotopes
The properties of elements are determined by _______.
The structures of their atoms
What does an acid form in water? What does a base form in water?
Acid-hydrogen ions
Base-hydroxide ions
Why are carbon molecules called organic?
Because they are found in all living things
What kind of ratio does a carbohydrate have?
A 1:2:1 ratio
What kind of ratio does a lipid have?
Large number of carbon:large carbon of hydrogen:small number of oxygen
What is another name for dehydration and what is it?
Condensation synthesis. It is when a protein is being made. A water molecule is lost and a protein is formed
What is hydrolysis
Adding a molecule of water to break apart a protein
What can carbohydrates exist as?
Isomers: molecules with the same number of atoms for each element but the atoms are arranged differently.
Characteristics of monosaccharides
Simple sugar. Short term energy. Glucose, fructose, galactose.
Characteristics of polysaccharides
Complex sugars. Short term energy. Starches, cellulose, glycogen.
Enzymes are special kinds of ____.
Proteins.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbs-monosaccharides. Lipids-triglycerides. Proteins-amino acids. Nucleic acids-nucleotides.
What is another name for carbon compounds
Organic compounds
What are the six most common elements in organic molecules?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
Why aren’t unsaturated fats solid at room temperatures
Because of the double bonds present between carbons.
What are some general characteristics of proteins?
Polymers of amino acids. Unique 3D shape. Provide support, make up various enzymes, antibodies.
