Final review

Question 1

Catecholamine metabolism

Answer 1

Epi/Norepi broken down by MAO to Dihydroxymandelic acid

Which is converted VIA COMT to VMA

Question 2

Action of Nitric Oxide

Answer 2

Blockade of Ca into the cell and enhanced uptake into the SR:

Activation of Guanylate cyclase

Increased cGMP concentration

Activation of PKG

=Vasodilation

Question 3

Prostacyclin pathway

Answer 3

Increased cAMP

Inhibitory effect on actin/myosin

=vasodilation

Question 4

Endings for ace and aras

Answer 4

-pril

-sartan

Question 5

Treatment for SNP toxicity

Answer 5

3% sodium nitrite

Sodium thiosulfate

Methylene blue

Question 6

3 pathways for cyanide toxicity

Answer 6

Cyanomethemoglobin

Binding to tissue cytochrome oxidase- acute toxicity

Thiocyanate- long term

Question 7

Pathophysiology of asthma main points

Answer 7

Reversible airway obstruction

Hyper reactivity to a variety of stimuli

Immunologic pathways- Th-2 and inflammatory

Question 8

Describe inflammatory process in asthma

Answer 8

Liberation of cytokines-Interleukins

Mast cell activation (histamine release)

Neutrophil aggregation

Airway remodeling from chronic inflammation

Question 9

6 types of asthma

Answer 9

Extrinsic (allergic)

Intrinsic (non-allergic)

Exercise induced

occupational

Drug induced-NSAIDS/Aspirin

Food additives

Question 10

Excretion of albuterol

Answer 10

Unchanged in urine

Question 11

Inhaled Anticholinergic main takeaways

Answer 11

Chronic COPD-ipratroprium

Mechanism- antagonism of airway M3= bronchodilation

           -prevents gprotein signaling and calcium entry

Take 15-30 min onset

Anticholinergic effects-dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia

Question 12

Inhaled corticosteroids takeaways

Answer 12

Mechanism-suppression of Th-2 activation and broad array of leukocytes

Stabilization of cell membranes-limiting formation of interstitial edema