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Human Growth and Development > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 processes of development?

A
  • growth
  • maturation
  • learning
  • adaptation
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2
Q

What is growth?

A

physical growth of body structures

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3
Q

What is maturation?

A

the transition to adult functioning organs and structures

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4
Q

What is learning?

A

experience that shapes future actions

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5
Q

What is adaptation?

A

adapting to environment that shapes development

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6
Q

What are the two theories of aging?

A

genetic and non-genetic

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7
Q

What is the genetic theory of aging?

A

aging is due to the genetic disposition such as DNA and natural course of declining structures and functioning

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8
Q

What is the non-genetic theory of aging?

A

things like environmental factors or disease impact aging

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9
Q

Is motor development the same across every culture?

A

no, different cultures have different patterns of development

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10
Q

How far do new walkers walk in a day and how often do they fall?

A

7 football fields

15 falls/hour

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11
Q

What are the key concepts of life course health development?

A

Timing and Timelines
Equity and The Environment
Accumulation and Adaptation

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12
Q

What is timeline in Life Course Development?

A

today’s experiences and exposures influence tomorrow’s health

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13
Q

What is timing in Life Course Development?

A

health trajectories are particularly affected during critical/sensitive periods and transitions

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14
Q

What is equity in life course development?

A

everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible

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15
Q

What is environment in life course development?

A

health is shaped by our social, economic and environmental conditions

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16
Q

What is adaptation and accumulation in life course development?

A

adaptation: adjusting to certain conditions shaping the way you approach different things

accumulation: events and other things in life are compounding and have a long term affect on health

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17
Q

Why do we study reflexes and reactions as aspiring PTs?

A

need to know what is typical and atypical in terms of development, reflexes can be a good indicator of the state of development or impairment

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18
Q

What are the body systems that have influence on postural control?

A

visual
vestibular
somatosensory

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19
Q

What is the order of development of body systems’ influence on posture control?

A

visual (primary through first 3 years) -> somatosensory -> vestibular

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20
Q

When is balance completely developed?

A

15-16 years old

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21
Q

What are the standing balance strategies to stay upright and when are they typically developed?

A

ankle strategy: 10 months
hip strategy: 12-15 mo
stepping: 3 yo

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22
Q

What are the periods of development?

A

infancy: birth to 2 yo
childhood: 2 yo to onset puberty (12)
adolescence (youth): onset puberty (12) to 18 yo
adulthood: 18 yo to 65 yo
older adulthood: 65+ yo

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23
Q

What is the proportional growth we experience from infancy to adulthood?

A

head: 2x
trunk: 3x
arms: 4x
legs: 5x

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24
Q

What are the factors that influence movement?

A
  • individual (physical, body systems)
  • family (caregiving practices)
  • culture (expectations, values)
  • environment (safety, experience)
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25
Q

Which reflexes are often seen in children with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy or tbi?

A

neonatal positiive support, atnr, stnr

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26
Q

What is the order of development?

A

development is sequential but not always linear

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27
Q

What is the direction of development?

A

cephalo-caudally and proximal-distal

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28
Q

What is developed first, fine motor or gross motor skills?

A

gross motor then fine motor

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29
Q

What comes first, reflexive movement or skilled/controlled movement?

A

reflexive movement

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30
Q

What is the order of movement development?

A

flex/ext -> lateral flex -> rotation

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31
Q

What is the typical respiratory rate of an infant?

A

20-40 br pm

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32
Q

What is the typical respiratory rate of a toddler?

A

20-30 br pm

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33
Q

What is the typical repiratory rate of a school-aged child?

A

16-24 br pm

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34
Q

What is the typical respiratory rate of an adolescent?

A

12-20 br pm

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35
Q

What is the typical respiratory rate of an adult?

A

12-18 br pm

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36
Q

What is the typical pulse of a neonate?

A

80-180 bpm

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37
Q

What is the typical pulse of an infant?

A

80-160 bpm

38
Q

What is the typical pulse of a toddler?

A

50-150 bpm

39
Q

What is the typical pulse of a school-aged child?

A

75-110 bpm

40
Q

What is the typical pulse of an adolescent?

A

50-100 bpm

41
Q

What is the typical pulse of an adult?

A

60-100 bpm

42
Q

What is the typical blood pressure of a neonate?

A

60/30

43
Q

What is the typical blood pressure of a toddler?

A

96/60

44
Q

What is the typical blood pressure of an infant?

A

96/60

45
Q

What is the typical blood pressure of a school-aged child?

A

106/68

46
Q

What is the typical blood pressure of an adolescent?

A

114/74

47
Q

What is the typical blood pressure of an adult?

A

120/80

48
Q

When do we typically see fidgety movements?

A

2-3 mo

49
Q

When do we typically see weight on hands in prone?

A

4-6 mo

50
Q

when do we typically see head control develop?

A

4-6 mo

51
Q

when do we typically see rolling develop?

A

4-6 mo

52
Q

when do we typically see placed sitting independently develop?

A

6 mo

53
Q

when do we typically see sitting with no hands develop?

A

7-9 mo

54
Q

when do we typically see sitting up from prone develop?

A

7-9 mo

55
Q

when do we typically see creeping on hands and knees develop?

A

7-9 mo

56
Q

when do we typically see pulling to stand develop?

A

7-9 mo

57
Q

when do we see cruising along furniture develop?

A

10-12 mo

58
Q

when do we see taking first steps?

A

10-12 mo or 9-15 mo

59
Q

What are 5 strategies you can use to manage behavior at a PT session?

A
  1. build positive relationship with child and family
  2. develop a schedule
  3. give directions with statements and not questions
  4. establish rules
  5. provide positive support and feedback
60
Q

When do children start to walk?

A

1 yo

61
Q

When do children begin to run and jump?

A

2 yo

62
Q

When do children begin to ride a tricycle?

A

3 yo

63
Q

When do children begin to gallop or ride fake horses?

A

4 yo

64
Q

When can children skip and ride a bike?

A

5 yo

65
Q

When do we calculate corrected/adjusted age?

A

if the baby is born at or less than 37 weeks gestation

66
Q

What kind of test is the ASQ-2?

A

screening test

67
Q

What age ranges are screened with the ASQ-2?

A

1 month to 5.5 yo

68
Q

What is measured in the ASQ-2?

A

communication, fine motor, gross motor, problem solving, personal social skills

69
Q

What kind of test is the AIMS?

A

developmental diagnostic test

70
Q

What age ranges can be assessed using the AIMS?

A

birth - 19 months

71
Q

What does the AIMS measure?

A

assessment of gross motor skills

72
Q

What are kind of test is the PDMS-2?

A

standardized, developmental diagnostic

73
Q

What age ranges can be assessed using the PDMS-2?

A

birth to 6 yo

74
Q

What does the PDMS-2 assess?

A

comprehensive fine and gross motor skills

75
Q

What kind of test is the BOT-2?

A

standardized, developmental diagnostic

76
Q

What age ranges can be assessed using the BOT-2?

A

4-21 yo

77
Q

What does the BOT-2 assess?

A

fine and gross motor skills to make decisions about educational and therapeutic placement

78
Q

What are the two common presentations of adolescent egocentrism?

A
  • sense of an imaginary audience
  • personable fable (sense of uniqueness and invincibility)
79
Q

How does the development of the prefrontal cortex affect the adolescent brain?

A

not fully developed until around 20 yo, can make adolescents make poor decisions and not control their intense emotions

80
Q

How does the development of the corpus callosum affect the adolescent brain?

A

not able to process info effectively

81
Q

How does the development of the amygdala affect the adolescent brain?

A

this is where emotion is developed, it develops faster than areas that control emotion so its hard to control emotion

82
Q

What are the exercise guidelines for someone who is pregnant?

A

type: low impact aerobic and strength exercise 45-65 min. 3-4 days/wk

83
Q

What are the major causes of adolescent death?

A
  • car deaths
  • homicide
  • suicide
84
Q

Who do we report child or elder abuse to?

A

CO hotline, authorities, supervisors

85
Q

What does Part B of IDEA involve?

A

education services from 3-21 yo

86
Q

What does Part C of IDEA involve?

A

early intervention services for late development in individuals from birth to 3 yo

87
Q

What is IFSP?

A

individualized family service plan under part C of IDEA

88
Q

What is IEP?

A

individualized education plan under part b of IDEA

89
Q

What is the section 504 plan of IDEA?

A

under civil rights act, ensures individuals with disabilities do not experience discrimination

90
Q

What is FAPE under IDEA and what does it do?

A

free appropriate public education, ensures families do not need to pay for their child to receive public education that is appropriate to their child’s needs

91
Q

What are the percentages of developmental delay that indicate the need for early intervention?

A

significant delay of 25% in two or more developmental areas

significant delay of 33% in one area of development

Human Growth and Development (3 decks)

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