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Human Growth and Development > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 processes of development?

A
  • growth
  • maturation
  • learning
  • adaptation
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2
Q

What is growth?

A

physical growth of body structures

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3
Q

What is maturation?

A

the transition to adult functioning organs and structures

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4
Q

What is learning?

A

experience that shapes future actions

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5
Q

What is adaptation?

A

adapting to environment that shapes development

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6
Q

What are the two theories of aging?

A

genetic and non-genetic

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7
Q

What is the genetic theory of aging?

A

aging is due to the genetic disposition such as DNA and natural course of declining structures and functioning

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8
Q

What is the non-genetic theory of aging?

A

things like environmental factors or disease impact aging

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9
Q

Is motor development the same across every culture?

A

no, different cultures have different patterns of development

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10
Q

How far do new walkers walk in a day and how often do they fall?

A

7 football fields

15 falls/hour

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11
Q

What are the key concepts of life course health development?

A

Timing and Timelines
Equity and The Environment
Accumulation and Adaptation

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12
Q

What is timeline in Life Course Development?

A

today’s experiences and exposures influence tomorrow’s health

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13
Q

What is timing in Life Course Development?

A

health trajectories are particularly affected during critical/sensitive periods and transitions

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14
Q

What is equity in life course development?

A

everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible

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15
Q

What is environment in life course development?

A

health is shaped by our social, economic and environmental conditions

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16
Q

What is adaptation and accumulation in life course development?

A

adaptation: adjusting to certain conditions shaping the way you approach different things

accumulation: events and other things in life are compounding and have a long term affect on health

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17
Q

Why do we study reflexes and reactions as aspiring PTs?

A

need to know what is typical and atypical in terms of development, reflexes can be a good indicator of the state of development or impairment

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18
Q

What are the body systems that have influence on postural control?

A

visual
vestibular
somatosensory

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19
Q

What is the order of development of body systems’ influence on posture control?

A

visual (primary through first 3 years) -> somatosensory -> vestibular

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20
Q

When is balance completely developed?

A

15-16 years old

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21
Q

What are the standing balance strategies to stay upright and when are they typically developed?

A

ankle strategy: 10 months
hip strategy: 12-15 mo
stepping: 3 yo

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22
Q

What are the periods of development?

A

infancy: birth to 2 yo
childhood: 2 yo to onset puberty (12)
adolescence (youth): onset puberty (12) to 18 yo
adulthood: 18 yo to 65 yo
older adulthood: 65+ yo

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23
Q

What is the proportional growth we experience from infancy to adulthood?

A

head: 2x
trunk: 3x
arms: 4x
legs: 5x

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24
Q

What are the factors that influence movement?

A
  • individual (physical, body systems)
  • family (caregiving practices)
  • culture (expectations, values)
  • environment (safety, experience)
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25
Which reflexes are often seen in children with neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy or tbi?
neonatal positiive support, atnr, stnr
26
What is the order of development?
development is sequential but not always linear
27
What is the direction of development?
cephalo-caudally and proximal-distal
28
What is developed first, fine motor or gross motor skills?
gross motor then fine motor
29
What comes first, reflexive movement or skilled/controlled movement?
reflexive movement
30
What is the order of movement development?
flex/ext -> lateral flex -> rotation
31
What is the typical respiratory rate of an infant?
20-40 br pm
32
What is the typical respiratory rate of a toddler?
20-30 br pm
33
What is the typical repiratory rate of a school-aged child?
16-24 br pm
34
What is the typical respiratory rate of an adolescent?
12-20 br pm
35
What is the typical respiratory rate of an adult?
12-18 br pm
36
What is the typical pulse of a neonate?
80-180 bpm
37
What is the typical pulse of an infant?
80-160 bpm
38
What is the typical pulse of a toddler?
50-150 bpm
39
What is the typical pulse of a school-aged child?
75-110 bpm
40
What is the typical pulse of an adolescent?
50-100 bpm
41
What is the typical pulse of an adult?
60-100 bpm
42
What is the typical blood pressure of a neonate?
60/30
43
What is the typical blood pressure of a toddler?
96/60
44
What is the typical blood pressure of an infant?
96/60
45
What is the typical blood pressure of a school-aged child?
106/68
46
What is the typical blood pressure of an adolescent?
114/74
47
What is the typical blood pressure of an adult?
120/80
48
When do we typically see fidgety movements?
2-3 mo
49
When do we typically see weight on hands in prone?
4-6 mo
50
when do we typically see head control develop?
4-6 mo
51
when do we typically see rolling develop?
4-6 mo
52
when do we typically see placed sitting independently develop?
6 mo
53
when do we typically see sitting with no hands develop?
7-9 mo
54
when do we typically see sitting up from prone develop?
7-9 mo
55
when do we typically see creeping on hands and knees develop?
7-9 mo
56
when do we typically see pulling to stand develop?
7-9 mo
57
when do we see cruising along furniture develop?
10-12 mo
58
when do we see taking first steps?
10-12 mo or 9-15 mo
59
What are 5 strategies you can use to manage behavior at a PT session?
1. build positive relationship with child and family 2. develop a schedule 3. give directions with statements and not questions 4. establish rules 5. provide positive support and feedback
60
When do children start to walk?
1 yo
61
When do children begin to run and jump?
2 yo
62
When do children begin to ride a tricycle?
3 yo
63
When do children begin to gallop or ride fake horses?
4 yo
64
When can children skip and ride a bike?
5 yo
65
When do we calculate corrected/adjusted age?
if the baby is born at or less than 37 weeks gestation
66
What kind of test is the ASQ-2?
screening test
67
What age ranges are screened with the ASQ-2?
1 month to 5.5 yo
68
What is measured in the ASQ-2?
communication, fine motor, gross motor, problem solving, personal social skills
69
What kind of test is the AIMS?
developmental diagnostic test
70
What age ranges can be assessed using the AIMS?
birth - 19 months
71
What does the AIMS measure?
assessment of gross motor skills
72
What are kind of test is the PDMS-2?
standardized, developmental diagnostic
73
What age ranges can be assessed using the PDMS-2?
birth to 6 yo
74
What does the PDMS-2 assess?
comprehensive fine and gross motor skills
75
What kind of test is the BOT-2?
standardized, developmental diagnostic
76
What age ranges can be assessed using the BOT-2?
4-21 yo
77
What does the BOT-2 assess?
fine and gross motor skills to make decisions about educational and therapeutic placement
78
What are the two common presentations of adolescent egocentrism?
- sense of an imaginary audience - personable fable (sense of uniqueness and invincibility)
79
How does the development of the prefrontal cortex affect the adolescent brain?
not fully developed until around 20 yo, can make adolescents make poor decisions and not control their intense emotions
80
How does the development of the corpus callosum affect the adolescent brain?
not able to process info effectively
81
How does the development of the amygdala affect the adolescent brain?
this is where emotion is developed, it develops faster than areas that control emotion so its hard to control emotion
82
What are the exercise guidelines for someone who is pregnant?
type: low impact aerobic and strength exercise 45-65 min. 3-4 days/wk
83
What are the major causes of adolescent death?
- car deaths - homicide - suicide
84
Who do we report child or elder abuse to?
CO hotline, authorities, supervisors
85
What does Part B of IDEA involve?
education services from 3-21 yo
86
What does Part C of IDEA involve?
early intervention services for late development in individuals from birth to 3 yo
87
What is IFSP?
individualized family service plan under part C of IDEA
88
What is IEP?
individualized education plan under part b of IDEA
89
What is the section 504 plan of IDEA?
under civil rights act, ensures individuals with disabilities do not experience discrimination
90
What is FAPE under IDEA and what does it do?
free appropriate public education, ensures families do not need to pay for their child to receive public education that is appropriate to their child's needs
91
What are the percentages of developmental delay that indicate the need for early intervention?
significant delay of 25% in two or more developmental areas significant delay of 33% in one area of development

Human Growth and Development (3 decks)

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