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Modern World History > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Treaty of Versailles—impact on Germany

A

Germany lost colonies and agricultural resources-economic collapse
Had to give reparations to Allied powers-economic collapse, hyperinflation
Germany had to take blame for the war-humiliation, desire for revenge
The German military limited in size- desire to rebuild due to resentment

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2
Q

Weimar Republic (type of government, problems)

A 
Republic with president, Chancellor and Reichstag (parliament)
Problems:
Hyperinflation
Political extremism (Nazis)
Weak government
A large number of political parties 
Lack of democratic traditions
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3
Q

Hyperinflation (causes, effects)

A

Causes:
Germany decided to stop repaying reparations payments to Allies
France and Belgium invade the Ruhr valley
Germany ordered their workers to strike
To make up for their loss of salary, the German government printed money
Effects:
Savings and pensions were lost overnight
People were paid by the hour
Cost of living dramatically increased
People were paid with wheelbarrows full of money
Mass homelessness

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4
Q

Rise of Hitler

A

Through gradual elections through the Reichstag
Once the Nazis were the majority party, Hitler was named Chancellor by the President
Then he changed the constitution

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5
Q

Common features of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini?

A 
All nationalistic
Economic crisis
Weak previous leadership
Fear of other parties
Political instability
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6
Q

What was mien kampf?

A

Hitler’s book that set out Nazi ideology
Set out his plan for the future of Germany
Wrote it in prison

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7
Q

Aspects of a dictatorship

A 
Propaganda
Rule through terror
Lack of civil rights
Supressed political opponents
Control over all aspects of government, including military
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8
Q

Appeasement

A

Allied policy to prevent aggressive dictators from gaining more power
It promoted the idea of giving into the dictator in order to prevent war
Considered a failure in history

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9
Q

Japan’s aggression towards China

A

Japan wanted to expand
Japan invaded Manchuria for iron and coal
Japan withdrew from the League of Nations and nothing was done (appeasement)

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10
Q

German occupation of the Rhineland

A

The Rhineland was supposed to be demilitarized (Treaty of Versailles)
Germany decided to remilitarize it (violated Treaty of Versailles)
League of Nations did nothing (appeasement)

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11
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

Prime Minister of GB before WWII

Negotiated the Munich conference

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12
Q

Munich Conference

A

Decision between the Allied to allow Hitler to take the Sudetenland
In exchange, Hitler agreed to not invade anymore parts of Europe
Negotiated by Neville Chamberlain who said he had secured “peace in our time”
Failure because Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia and then Poland

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13
Q

WWII MANIA, Militarism

A

Remilitarization of the Rhineland
Invasion of various areas of Europe (Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Poland)
Invasion of Manchuria
Invasion of Ethiopia

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14
Q

WWII MANIA, Alliances

A

Tripartite Pact: Germany, Italy, Japan
Alliance among Spain, German, Italy
Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact: Germany and USSR, Hitler agreed to not invade USSR

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15
Q

WWII MANIA, Nationalism

A

They view other as subhumans, thus able to be conquered

Germany invaded Austria because they speak German

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16
Q

WWII MANIA, Imperialism

A

Japan invaded Manchuria for iron and coal
Japan conquering other Pacific Islands for colonial purposes
Italy invading Ethiopia as revenge for their loss in the 19th century

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17
Q

WWII MANIA, Appeasement

A

Japan left the League of Nations and nothing was done
Italy invaded Ethiopia and nothing was done
Germany remilitarized the Rhineland and nothing was done
Germany invaded Austria and nothing was done
Munich Conference

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18
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

Lighting war
Meant to quickly surprise the enemy
Fast paced
Sending in airplanes and paratroopers first, then sending in tanks and the military

19
Q

Charles de Gaulle

A

Led the French free forces from GB after the Miracle of Dunkirk

20
Q

Miracle of Dunkirk

A

Operation Dynamo
British and French troops were evacuated from France to GB
They had been surrounded by German forces and were about to be slaughtered
The British and French lost a lot of troops due to constant bombardment
Churchill called for British civilians to go and pick up their soldiers
Significant: it was improvised civilian armada that was successful against the Germans

21
Q

Winston Churchill

A

Prime Minister of GB during WWII

Inspired the British to fight and remain strong

22
Q

Battle of Britain

A

Operation Sea Lion
When Hitler tried to bomb GB in preperation for an invasion
Hitler LOST!!!
Decided to invade the USSR

23
Q

Operation Barbarrossa / Invasion of Russia

A

Code name for the German invasion of the USSR
By invading, Hitler broke the Nazi Soviet Non-Agression Pact
Stalin ignored warnings because he didn’t believe Hitler would attack
Scorched-earth policy by the Russians
Why does Hitler choose to invade the USSR?
He lost against GB
He hated communists
Hitler wanted “living space”
Hitler hated Slavic people (he thought they were “sub-human)

24
Q

Stalingrad

A

Germans surrounded the Russian city
Russian then surrounded them
They would for two weeks over a single building
Germans wanted to surrender, but Hitler would not let them even when winter hit resulting in mass casualties
USSR won and pushed Germany out completely

25
Q

Franklin Roosevelt

A

President of US during most of WWII

26
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

Japan surprise attack on ha US military base
Roosevelt referred to it as “a date that will live in infamy”
Ushered in US direct involvement in WWII

27
Q

D-Day

A

Allied invasion of France
In preparation, Allied bombers flew constant mission over Germany tergeting factories, air crafts, and cities
Paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines
Soldiers were ferried across the English Channel
They fought their way to shore under enemy fire
Allied forces WON

28
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

US general
Led the invasion of Normandy
The Supreme Allied Commander of D-Day

29
Q

Battle of Bulge

A

Marked the final German offensive

30
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

Desert Fox

German general

31
Q

US use of atomic bomb

A

Quick and efficient way to end the war and to save American lives

32
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Germans destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues
“Night of the Broken Glass”
Deportation of the Jews to concentration camps
Significance: first government sanction acts of violence against the Jews

33
Q

Genocide

A

State sponsored killing of mass amounts of people based on ethnicity

34
Q

Hitler’s view on the Jews

A

He blamed for Germany’s loss in WWI

He felt that they had “stabbed Germany in the back”

35
Q

Nuremburg Laws of 1935

A

Outlined what made someone Jewish (grandparents)
Prevented marriage between Jews and German citizens
Took away German citizenship from the Jews
Significance: legalized anti-Semitism into law

36
Q

Ghettos

A

Part of a city in which members of a minority group live

Warsaw, Poland had the largest in WWII

37
Q

Acts against the Jews by Nazis

A

Forced labor/slave labor
Death squads
Doctors experimented on the prisoners

38
Q

Final Solution

A

Mass murder of Europe’s Jews and others

39
Q

Nuremburg Trials, Significance

A

First time in history someone could be tried acts committed during war

40
Q

Nuremburg Trials, Defense of the Nazis

A

Following orders
Denial of knowledge
Mentally unstable (amnesia)
National sovereignty: Another country cannot interfere with the policies in another country

41
Q

What happened to Hitler in the end?

A

He commited suicide

42
Q

Human rights

A

Rights that every human is born with and cannot be taken away
Freedom of expression, political rights, rights to an education, rights to health, shelter, food, religion

43
Q

Purpose of the United Nations

A

To maintain peace after WWII
To avoid war in the future
To promote a standard of living for all
To promote cooperation amongst all countries

Modern World History (11 decks)

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