Final review Flashcards
1
Q
3 types of shock
A
hypovolemic
distributive
cardiogenic
2
Q
if someone is stroking out and has a broken leg what do you treat first
A
stroke
3
Q
chest pain non cardiac causes (more common)
A
trauma pneumothorax PE asthma sickel sell
4
Q
early signs of shock
A
increased HR poor cap refill weak pulses decreased urine dry no tears
5
Q
late signs of shock
A
mental status
cyanosis
apnea
low BP
6
Q
bradyarrhythmias are secondary to…
A
hypoxia
7
Q
types of tach HR in kids
A
narrow and wide
8
Q
narrow tach
A
SVT
wack/absent P waves
9
Q
wide tach
A
VT
10
Q
APGAR
A
appearance pulse grimace activity respirations
min score 0
max score 10
11
Q
peds vs adult
A
bigger head to body ratio
head is 2/3 size it will be as an adult
cover it to prevent heat loss
12
Q
where does towel go to get sniffing position?
A
under the shoulders
13
Q
kids necks are…
A
short and stubby
finding a carotid pulse may be difficult
14
Q
t/f kids in shock lose their BP faster than adults?
A
false!
more blood loss before hypotension
15
Q
kids brains are __% of their body weight
A
10
16
Q
kids abdomen
A
wall is thinner so less protection
multiple organ injuries are common
liver and spleen are larger
17
Q
kids skin
A
thinner
stretchier
less fat
thermal burns can be deeper
lose more fluids/heat
18
Q
t/f newborns can shiver
A
F!
KEEP THEM BABIES WARM
19
Q
neonate age
A
0 - 1 month
20
Q
infant age
A
1 month - 1 year
21
Q
toddler age
A
1 - 3 years
22
Q
preschooler age
A
3 - 6 years
23
Q
school age
A
6 - 12 years
24
Q
adolescent
A
12 - 18 years
25
what age can infants hold their head up?
4 months
26
average neonate weight
6 - 8 lbs / 3 - 3.5 kg
27
situational crisis phases
protest
despair
withdrawal
28
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
more common in boys, formula fed, premature babies between the ages of 2-4 months
29
T/F sids is diagnosis of exclusion?
T!
30
How to prevent SIDS
breast feed
let baby sleep on its back
no blankets for BABY
31
infant distress signs
retractions (chest movements)
grunting (keeps air in the lungs)
apnea (paused breathing)
32
jaundice
something in the blood
| can cause brain damage if left untreated
33
croup
upper airway infection
most common!
larynx/trachea/bronchioles are infected
more common in boys
34
croup findings
stridor
barking cough
hoarse voice
increased breathing
35
larynx parts
supraglottis
glottis
subglottis
36
peds larnyx
```
funnel shaped
sub glottis most narrow
hyoid/cartilage overlap
crics not possible usually
sits higher
```
37
cardiovascular emergency categories
anatomic
acquired
electrical
38
peds assessment triangle
appearance
work of breathing
circulation
39
wolf parkinson white
short PR interval
slurred up stroke on QRS
(delta wave)
prolongation of the QRS interval
an accessory pathway that pre excites the ventricles
40
T/F cardiac arrest is more common in kids then adults
F! its more common in adults
when it happens its usually connected to a respiratory issue
41
hypovolemic shock
most common type of shock
loss of volume
42
distributive shock
leakage of plasma out of vessels into surrounding tissues
vasodilation
caused by anaphylaxis, sepsis, spinal cord injury
43
obstructive shock
impaired filling of the heart
reduced cardiac output
PE/pneumo/cardiac tamponade
44
cardiogenic shock
pump failure
uncommon in kids
heart failure
45
fever rectal temp
>38.3C
46
fever benefits
inhibit growth/replication of microorganisms
increase WBC function
activate lymphocytes/antibodies
47
most common age to contract meningitis
1 - 5 y/o
| more common in males
48
meningitis s/s
```
flu like symptoms
fever
photophobia
kernigs/brudzinskis signs
headache
```
VERY FAST ONSET
49
encephalitis is usually a ________ infection
viral
50
how to tell if a infant has encephalitis
```
bulging of the fontanels
N/V
stiffness
crying
poor feeding
irritability
```
51
AEIOUSTIPPS
```
alcohol
epilepsy
opiates
uremia
trauma
infection
psych
poison
stroke
```
52
increased ICP cushings triad
increased systolic
brad HR/RR
rapid transport
53
febrile seizure cause
I don't fucking know
54
types of febrile seizures
simple/complex
55
epilepsy seizures can be...
over 20 minutes
| 2+ seizures without a return to baseline
56
whos more likely to purposely expose themselves to toxins...
adolescents
57
if a toxic substance has been applied to the skin
a glass of milk or water may help no syrups!
activated charcoal may help
or dialysis
58
forms of abuse
physical
sexual
emotional
neglect
59
most common form of child abuse
physical
60
young or older children are more at risk for abuse
younger
61
nature vs nurture reasons for abuse
nature - its the abusers nature
nurture - based off of childhood experiences
62
___% of abusers claimed they didn't mean to hurt the child
70
63
suspicions of child abuse
scene assessment
family history
multiple contusions in weird spots and in different healing stages
child doesn't look to parent for reassurance
64
what to do if you suspect abuse
document in PCRs
| call law enforcement
65
death rate with shaken baby syndrome
70% 1/4 die
most shakers are fathers or baby sitter if female is involved
66
what type of disorder is autism
pervasive developmental disorder
causes difficulty understanding/communicating
67
autism symptoms relate to...
```
communication
social interaction
sensation of discomfort
ability to play
ability to purposely shift attention
```
68
autism is genetic t/f
T!
69
frontal lobe function
speech/movement
70
occipital lobe function
vision
71
temporal lobe function
hearing/facial recognition
72
parietal lobe function
touch/pressure
taste
body awareness
73
how long are infants nose breathers for?
6 months
74
child oxygen consumption vs adult
6-8ml/kg
3-4ml/kg
75
best maneuver to overcome upper airway obstruction in children
jaw thrust
76
neonate breaths per minute when ventilating
30
77
infant breaths per minute when ventilating
10-20
78
children breaths per minute when ventilating
8-10
79
why is ventilating to fast a bad thing?
decreases CPP
decreases rate of ROSC
decreases rate of survival
80
a young child falling from a height is most likely to fall on their...
head
81
narrowest part of the child airway
cricoid cartilage compare to vocal cords for adults
82
is it easier to hear heart and lung sounds in a child or an adult?
child because their skin is thinner / flexible
pneumos are hard to diagnose
83
top causes of serious trauma in children
head trauma then abdominal trauma
more vulnerable to blunt trauma because their organs are so big
84
organs caught in handle bar injuires
pancreas
| SI
85
whats more common sprains or fractures in kids
fractures due to weak growth plates
86
t/f the fulcrum gets higher with age
F! it gets lower
around C5 - C7 in adults
87
how does the baby use the maternal cardiovascular system
uses the foramen ovale
| a hole in the septum
88
how do babies receive antibodies
through breast feeding
89
muscles in infants account for __% of their body weight
25
90
tips when approaching toddlers
```
general appearance
head to toe
smile
use distractors
show what you'll do on a toy
save unpleasant things for last
```
91
tips when approaching pre schoolers
gaining trust is important
tell them what you are going to do
find comfort in toys and having a parent nearby
92
when does stranger anxiety start
toddler phase
93
poorly developed sense of cause and effect
toddler phase
94
school age children
6-12
increased sense of independence/self esteem
don't want to be different
allow them to make minor choices
understand cause and affect
VS gradually come close to adults
95
what can cause acne
hormone changes
96
adolescent issues
conflict
identity
privacy
97
t/f higher proportion of blunt trauma involves the head
T!
98
when are lungs full developed
at age 8
99
what abdominal organs are most vulnerable to injury in kids
liver/spleen
100
what weaker in kids bones or ligaments
bones
101
whats longer inspiration or expiration?
inspiration!
102
stridor is usually heard on...
inspiration
103
most common cause of bradycardia in kids
hypoxia
104
normal cap refill time...
under 2 seconds
longer means low CO
105
causes for long cap refill
dehydration, shock and hypothermia
