Final Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

If the SCN is separated from the rest of the brain by a series of knife cuts, and one looks at the activity of the cells in vitro, their rhythmicity…

A

persists.

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2
Q

In mammals, what is the effect of lesions of visual cortex on the rhythms of the SCN?

A

They are not altered.

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3
Q

A nocturnal animal is usually asleep during the…

A

night.

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4
Q

When a hamster or a person continues to display an activity cycle without any external cues about the time of day, the cycle is said to be…

A

free-running.

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5
Q

The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called…

A

entrainment.

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6
Q

In the absence of light cues, hamsters with two copies of the tau mutation will show biological rhythms with periods of _______ hours.

A

about 20

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7
Q

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior every six hours is called…

A

ultradian.

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8
Q

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a day is called…

A

circadian.

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9
Q

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior once a month is called…

A

infradian.

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10
Q

During REM, thermoregulation…

A

is impaired.

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11
Q

In humans, enhanced serum levels of growth hormone are evident during…

A

slow-wave sleep (SWS).

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12
Q

Slow, large-amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in…

A

stage 3 sleep.

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13
Q

The usual duration of the typical human repeating sleep cycle is…

A

90-110 minutes.

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14
Q

Nightmares are associated with…

A

REM sleep.

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15
Q

Neck and body muscles are completely flaccid during…

A

REM sleep.

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16
Q

_______% of sleep in the first two weeks of life is _______ sleep.

A

50; REM

17
Q

The pattern of sleep in elderly humans is characterized by increases in…

A

awakenings.

18
Q

Experimental evidence suggests the biological role of dreaming during REM sleep may be related to the…

A

consolidation of learning.

19
Q

Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of…

A

improving long-term memory.

20
Q

The sleep of dolphins and birds is similar in that both display…

A

unilateral sleep.

21
Q

The James-Lange theory of emotion argues that emotions are the…

A

perception of bodily changes evoked by any stimulus.

22
Q

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotions would predict that people with severe spinal cord injuries would…

A

experience the same emotions that others do

23
Q

The facial nerve innervates…

A

the superficial muscles of facial expression.

24
Q

Patients with damage to the amygdala…

A
  1. do not feel or express a normal fear response,
  2. have difficulty recognizing fearful expressions in other people, and
  3. exhibit almost no startle response.
25
Q

Decorticate rage refers to…

A

sudden, intense, poorly directed rage provoked by ordinary stimuli in animals whose cortex has been removed.

26
Q

People whose facial muscles have become paralyzed tend to experience…

A

emotions less intensely than they did before the paralysis.

27
Q

A human patient with a bilateral loss of the amygdala would show a marked impairment in the ability to recognize another person’s…

A

fear.

28
Q

Which transmitter has been especially implicated in the control of aggression?

A

Serotonin