Final Pt 2

Question 1

There are 3 components to a telescope, the telescope which collects ___ ___, the instrument that sorts the incoming radiation by _____, and the device that senses the radiation in wavelength regions we choose and ____ it

Answer 1

visible light, wavelength, records

Question 2

The most important functions of the telescope are to ___ the faint light from an astronomical source, and to ___ all the light into a point or an image

Answer 2

collect, focus

Question 3

In a ____ telescope, the light travels through a lens and is focused to a point, while in a ____ telescope, the a mirror focuses the light to a point. These telescopes are also ____.

Answer 3

refractor, reflector, bigger

Question 4

angular resolution is the ability to distinguish ____ ____ from one another. The higher the resolution, the more we are able to make out ____ ___ and the more ____ we can see.

Answer 4

separate objects, distinct objects, detail

Question 5

____ causes rays of light from a star to dance around as they reach a telescope. ___ ____ makes the telescope mirrors do an opposite dance, ____ out the atmospheric distortions. The ____ of the mirror is changed slightly many times each second to compensate for the logically changing atmospheric distortions.

Answer 5

turbulence, adaptive optics, cancelling, shape

Question 6

The ___ ____ was an attempt to communicate with potential extraterrestrial life by ____ bits of data transmitted from a ____ telescope toward the global cluster ____, _______ light years away.

Answer 6

arecibo message, 1679, radio, messier, 13-25,000

Question 7

The FAST telescope is a ____ telescope in China that is bigger than ____

Answer 7

radio, arecibo

Question 8

Radio interferometry uses _____ telescopes together, to achieve a high ____ ____.

Answer 8

multiple angular resolution

Question 9

an interferometer measures the ___ __ produced by multiple ____ like a 2 slit experiment. The signals arrive at the antennas at slightly different _____ depending on the antenna’s location in the array. The signal from each antenna is _____ with that from every other in the correlator and the ___ is compensated for in software.

Answer 9

interference pattern, apertures, times, combined, delay

Question 10

the theory that any well behaved signal can be expressed as the sum of sinusoids

Answer 10

fourier theory

Question 11

Direct imaging is difficult because you’re trying to see something very ___ just beside something very ____. Thus, ___ methods have been far more succesful

Answer 11

faint, bright, indirect

Question 12

Newton came up with the theory that every mass attracts every other mass through the force called ____, the the strength of this force is directly proportional to the product of their ___.

Answer 12

gravity, masses

Question 13

Newton predicted that earth’s gravity extends to the moon and produces the force requires to ___ the moon’s path from a ___ ___ and keep it in its ____. Similarly, the attractive force between the __ and each of the planets could keep them in their orbits

Answer 13

curve, straight line, orbit, sun

Question 14

The discrepancies in _____ orbit helped find ____. This demonstrated that you can measure the ___ of planets as they go around the sun to see if another planet is ___ it along. No changes means there are ___ other planets nearby.

Answer 14

uranus’, neptune, schedule, tugging, no

Question 15

mercury orbits the sun with a shorter ___ so errors can build up fast. The ___ __ ___ gives us an estimate of the ___ of the star.

Answer 15

period, general relativity correction, mass

Question 16

An optical effect seen in stars and planets where the central part of the disk appears brighter than the edge or limb

Answer 16

limb darkening

Question 17

If there is just the planet and the star, the transits will come like ____. With additional planets, the transits come ____ or ____ depending on the ____ of the planets and their _____

Answer 17

clockwork, earlier, later, position, masses

Question 18

The star and the planet orbit around their common _____. The stellar motion, induced by the gravitational perturbation of the planet, is called ___ ___. The center of mass of the solar system is ____ due to ____

Answer 18

barycenter, reflex motion,offset, jupiter,

Question 19

In radial velocity, the light from the star with the star’s ___ ___ passes through a chamber with a ____, to see how much the absorption lines has ___. To reliably measure small motions of a star around it’s barycenter, you must first remove motions of the ____

Answer 19

absorption spectrum, gas, shifted, earth

Question 20

The difference in brightness between the earth and the sun is ~____ magnitudes, which ___ be observed with current technology, but there is the problem of trying to keep the star’s light from ____ you to the planet

Answer 20

25, can, blinding

Question 21

HR 8799 is part of a system that also contains a ____ ___ and at least ___ massive planets. These planets were the first exoplanets who’s ____ ___ was confirmed by direct imaging. They are 4 ____ ___ orbiting with periods that range from ____ to ____. 7 images were taken in infrared light at the Keck telescope with ___ _____ across 2009-2016

Answer 21

debris disk, 4, orbital motion, super jupiters, decades, centuries, adaptive optics

Question 22

A coronograph is a telescope that is designed to block light coming from the ___ ___ in order to see the extremely faint emission from the region around the sun called the _____.

Answer 22

solar disk, corona

Question 23

Protoplanetary disks can be a problem for detecting the ___ and ___ of exoplanets due to ____.

Answer 23

growth development, exoplanets, dust

Question 24

______ light is dust that accumulates along the solar system coming from the faint flow of ___ ___ scattered by interplanetary dust. The ____ _____ from this is likely to be the largest source of ___ ____ in direct observations of terrestrial planets in habitable zones of nearby stars.

Answer 24

zodiacal, diffuse sunlight, background flux, astrophysical noise

Question 25

_______ is one of the brightest stars in the night sky with an absolute magnitude of ____. It therefore has ____ dust, and the protoplanetary disk emits a lot of ____ radiation. ____ _____ was thought to be a ____ ___ but it was disproven to be a dust cloud.

Answer 25

fomalhaut, 1.72, hotter, infrared, fomalhaut b, gaseous planet

Question 26

____ ___ ___ is an exoplanet orbiting the young debris disk. It is a _____, with a mass and radius greater than Jupiter, and a temperature of ______ K. It’s host star is a ___ main sequence star called ____ _____ located approximately __ light years away from earth

Answer 26

beta pictoris b, super-jupiter, 1700, a-type, beta pictoris, 63

Question 27

________ is a planetary mass object orbiting the ____ _____ 2M1207. The distance between the star and the planetary mass is around ____ AU, similar to the mean distance between the sun and ___. The star is around _____x fainter in the night sky than its companion

Answer 27

2M1207b, brown dwarf, 40, pluto, 100

Question 28

______ ______ is a gas giant 9x the size of jupiter

Answer 28

ROXs 42Bb

Question 29

____ ____ ___ is a million times fainter than its parent star and shows the strongest ____ signature ever detected on an exoplanet. It is the ____ and lowest mass imaged exoplanet to date, most like Jupiter. 5 images were taken over 4 years using the ___ ___ ____

Answer 29

51 eridani b, methane, coolest, gemini planet imager