Final - Process and Product Design Flashcards
What are the different ways that process can be classified as?
type of product flow, approach to customer orders, amount of customization, or volume and standardization
types of product flows
fixed position: ex. airplane is very big so it stays stationary while production moves around it
jumbled flow: ex. assembling furniture
line flow: ex. production line (car manufacturing)
continuous flow: ex. similar to line flows, but product is uncountable i.e. sugar
approaches to customer orders
make-to-order, make-to-stock, assemble-to-order
what are two types of operations that products can be classified as, and what process types do they include?
intermittent operations: project, batch process (lowest and low volume + standardization)
repetitive operations: mass process, continuous process (high and higher volume + standardization)
What are the 4 process types as classified by product volume and standardization?
Project: one-at-a-time product exactly to customer specifications
Batch: small quantity of products in batches based on actual or expected customer orders
Mass: large volume of a standardized product, assembly line format
Continuous: continually produce a very high volume of a fully standardized product
throughput time
how long it takes to move through the production line
What does a shorter throughput time mean?
If one process is slower than another, you can alternate when it comes to batches
ex. making bread (?) to rice - instead of getting another oven, as one batch is in the oven, the other is rising. therefore the oven will always be cold
t or f: in intermittent operations, there is a lot of product variety
true, as opposed to little variety in repetitive ops
t or f: in repetitive ops, customer orders are make-to-order
false; make-to-stock
t or f: jumbled product flows are a feature of repetitive ops
false; jumbled is common in intermittent as opposed to product lines in repetitive ops
t or f: general purpose equipment is used in intermittent ops
true; repetitive uses specialized
t or f: labour is a critical resource in repetitive ops
false; capital is.
t or f: automation is low in intermittent ops
true; high in repetitive
t or f: throughput time is shorter in repetitive ops
true; longer in intermittent
t or f: WIP inventory is more in repetitive ops
false; less
process layout
for intermittent ops; groups resources based on similar processes
warehouse layout, office layout
product layout
groups resources based on products
arranges resources in sequence (assembly lines)
cell layout
hybrid between product and process layouts; grouping of products based on similar requirements (processes)
fixed-position layout
used when the product is too big and cannot easily be moved ex. bridge construction
retail layout
allocates space based on customer behaviour
process layouts are designed to produce products such as…
fabric storage/inventory i.e. cutting, sewing, ironing
which manufacturing technologies are designed to increase production speed of intermittent operations?
general purpose, group technology
which manufacturing technologies are designed to increase production speed of repetitive operations?
flexible manufacturing system (FMS), focused automation, dedicated automation
group technology
grouping of dissimilar automated machines to produce a family of parts
flexible manufacturing system 9FMS)
consists of numerous programmable machine tools connected by an automated material handling system
robotics
controlled by a computer; can perform complex tasks
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
controlling manufacturing through computers
CIM
computer-integrated manufacturing; integration of product design, process planning, and manufacturing through computers
process selection depends on…
cost, volume, product maturity level, labour/technology availability
a company’s production process needs to match its ___ strategy and ___
corporate; process
what does a corporate strategy look like in intermittent vs. repetitive ops?
customized products vs. mass market
what does an ops strategy look like in intermittent vs. repetitive ops?
low volume, customized service vs. high volume
what do competitive priorities look like in intermittent vs. repetitive ops?
volume flexibility, customization vs. low cost
product design
the process of defining all of the product’s characteristics: appearance, materials used, dimensions, durability, performance standard
general steps in product design
- idea development (customer drive, reverse engineering, R&D)
- product screening (feasibility study) -> most products stay here
- preliminary design and testing
- final design
concurrent engineering
multifunctional team approach to simultaneously design the product and the process
CAD
computer-aided design: use of computer graphics to design new products
