FINAL PEOPLE Flashcards
Shabaqo
-ruler of Kush during the the later 25th Dynasty
-develops Memphis as the northern capital after annexing Egypt
-officially asserts Nubian power over Egypt
-shabaqo stone created after him containing the Memphite Theology of Ptah and expains the unification and theology dating back to the 19th century
Nekau II
-king during the 26th dynasty
-failed to save the last Assyrian king in Harran
-lost battle of Carchemish against the Babylonians
-Starts the digging of a canal from the east Nile Delta to the Red Sea but eventually abandoned it
Darius
-27th Dynasty king
-orders the collection of Egyptian laws in local regions to portray regional autonomy
-develops a temple in the Kharga Oasis
-completes the building of the Canal between the Red Sea and the Nile
Cleopatra VII
-last Egyptian dynasty ruler that eventually oversaw Egypt lose its independence to Rome
- revived Egypt fortunes and traditions briefly
-presented herself as the goddess Isis
-in many personal and political relationships with multiple rulers and family members
Thutmose I
-king during the New Kingdom in teh 18th dynasty
-established his family’s control over Egypt for the next 175 years
-campaigns throughout the Levant and Nubia and is set about conquering nearing regions
-reaches the 5th cateract conquering nearly all of Nubia, destroying the Kingdom of Kush and Kerma
Thutmose III
-king of 18th dynasty during New Kingdom but does not start actually ruling until later in his reign due to Hatshepsut’s takeover of his reign
-campaigns through Nubia after hsi grandfather, attempting to subdue the Nubian population
-arrived at Kurgis and leaves and inscription next to his grandfather’s
-portrays himself as a traditional Egyptian king but hard to tell which is him or Hatshepsut due to similar portrayals and overlapping ruling
-fights the battle of Mediggo
Hatshepsut
-Acts as regent for young Thutmose II from 1479 - 1473 becoming official king during this time in a slow moving coup
-Sends expedition to land of Punt and Builds mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri
-represents herself as a masculine figure
-Disappears from the record around 1458 and memories were effaced
Ahmose
-king of 18th dynasty ushering in a new era of political reunification beginning New Kingdom
-expelled the Hyskos extending Egyptian control
-buried and mortuary installation in Abydos, but his mummy was discovered in a cache in the Valley of the Kings
-Builds the last royal pyramid at Abydos
Amenhotep III
-king during the late 18th dynasty for about 60 years
-a traditional leader following the cult of Amun to not upset the relationship between the family and religious institution
-intitiates major construction activity in Thebes and throughout Egypt
-seen on the colossi of Memnon with greek graffiti poems on it about him
Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten
-king during the late 18th dynasty
- changes his name to be closer to Aten
- moves to Amarna
-introduces a new distinctively different art style showing different features
-went against many traditional practices rebelling against the Amun cult and move center of reign to Akhetaten
Abdi-Ashirta
-featured in the Amarna letters
-ruled a town in Western Asia
-vassal king of Egypt
-constantly trying to push his own advantage and take over more cities
Horemheb
-king during the 18th dynasty
-becomes king after being commander for several years
-tried to destroy all evidence of Aten cult from history
-Dismantles Akhenaten’s buildings in Karnak and previous kings before him
Sety I
-king during 19th dynasty
-initiated a lot of building activity and programs
-father of Rameses II inspiring much of his later activity
-campaigns in neighboring areas and territories
Rameses II
-rules for more than 60 years in 19th dynasty
-returns kingdom to more stability after the Amarna Period
-large construction projects with statues with his name
-Fight Hittites in Queadesh and eventually concludes a peace deal with them
Sethnakht
-first king of 20th dynasty
-attempts to restore order to government
-a non-royal who seems to gain the throne
-recognized as an indiginous Egyptian leader as opposed to other leaders of different descent
Rameses III
-king during the 20th dynasty
-Builds mortuary temple at Medinet Habu
-Claims victories over invading Libyans and Sea Peoples
-his temple displays him fighting off other groups
Rameses XI
-king during the Ramesid Period of 20th Dynasty, last ruler of the New Kingdom
-held tomb robber trails
-proclaims an era of restoration but ultimately fails
-may have shifted away from the high preist of Amun
piye
-king during 25th dynasty
-makes a campaign through Egypt to Heliopolis
-destroys cities that don’t surrender to him
-subject of the Victory Stele of King Piye
Tarhaqo
-king during 25th dynasty
-has to flee from Assyrian pressure
-marked the end of Kush control of Egypt
-different variations of art and culture during his rule – mix of Egyptian and Nubian
Ay
-king during 18th dynasty
-takes over throne after Tutankamun
-ascends to throne as older so does not longer
-has previous government experience
Cambyses
-king during 27th Dynasty
-conquers Egpyt and attempyes to extend rule but fails to gain more territory
-part of Persian Occupation of Egypt
-accused of killing the Apis Bull possibly in attempt to villify him
Kashta
-king during 25th dynasty
-a Nubian ruler
-conquered Upper Egypt
-added egyptian aspects into Nubia - combining cultures
Maatkare
-Hatshepsut renamed herself this
-means the soul of re is truth
-important since it was uncommon for women to change their name like men did
-eventually became many woman leaders took on in future
Merneptah
-king during 19th dynasty
-claimed victory over the Sea Peoples and Libyans
-successfully defended Egypt from being taken over
-son of Rameses II
-inscripted the Merenptah stele
Neferneferauten
-meaning is Aten is the most beautiful
-king or possibly queen in 18th dynasty
-identity still not fully known - may be Nefertiti with a co-regent
-reigned or co-reigned after Akenhaten
Nefertiti
-figure during the Amarna Period
-wife of Akenhaten
-dissapeared from archeological record
-possible disputed if she was the king Neferneferauten under a masculine name
Paramesu
-original name of Rameses I
-was a vizier but came to power as incumbent did not have an heir
-first king of 19th dynasty
-had long career in army and administration
Pinudjem I
-high priest of Amun
-based in Thebes
-was the de facto ruler of the South Egypt
-worked on reburials in the valley of the kings
-one of priests to exercise power in reburial program
Psusennes I
-king during 21st dynasty
-tomb discovered intact
-findings from tomb showed silver as being a symbol of status - coffin made of silver
-ruled from Tanis
Rib-Adda
-king of Byblos during Amarna Period
-sent many Amarna letters
-seemed to argue with Abdi-Ashirta
-wrote to Akenhaten
Senenmut
-one of hatshepsut’s counselors
-becomes a close-confidant of hers and helps aid her in her take over of power
-government official during 18th dynasty
-had many statues after him which was uncommon for officials without reignal status
Sheshonq I
-king during 22nd dynasty
-concentrates power in Tanis
-raids Palestine
-came from line of Libyan tribal leaders
Smenkhkara
-ruled during Amarna period
-possible occupant of KV 55
-if proven to be in KV 55, is father of Tutankhamun
-followed after Nefernatuaren
Tausret
-queen of 19th dynasty
-widow of Sety II who ascended to throne
-her reign marked the end of 19th dynasty
-last ruling descendant of Rameses
Tutankhamun
-young ruler of 18th century
-tomb was the most intact burial found- many treasures and safe from tomb robbers
-discovered by Howard Carter
-doorway to his tomb was sealed with rope
-original name was Tutankhaten – but changed to worship Amun
