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EXS301: Health and Exercise Science > Final Part 2: Glucose > Flashcards

Final Part 2: Glucose Flashcards

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1
Q

What is glycogen synthase used for

A

Glycogen storage

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2
Q

When is glycogen phosphorylase active

A

During exercise

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3
Q

What is glycogen phosphorylase used for

A

Energy release

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4
Q

What is produced during high-intensity exercise

A

Lactate

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5
Q

What is the misconception about lactate

A

It causes cramps but that is false

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6
Q

What type of exercise reduce blood glucose

A

Low-Intensity

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7
Q

What type of exercise incease blood glucose

A

High-intensity

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8
Q

Why does high-intensity training results in increased glucose

A

Because of adrenaline

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9
Q

What type of diabetes is developped over time?

A

Type 2

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10
Q

What are 2 risk factors of type 2 diabetes

A

Obesity and Inactivity

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11
Q

What is type 2 diabetes characterized by

A

Insulin resistance and high blood sugars

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12
Q

What does type 2 diabetes damage

A

Blood vessels

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13
Q

What is an indicator of type 2 diabetes

A

Excessive thirst and frequent urination

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14
Q

What are 3 ways to measure blood glucose

A

1) HbA1c
2) OGTT
3) Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp

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15
Q

Which of the tehcniques to measure blood glucose reflect long-term glucose control levls

A

HbA1c

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16
Q

What is the gold standrad for insulin sensitivity testing

A

Euglycemic clamp

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17
Q

What medication is used to treat type 2 diabetes

A

Metformin

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18
Q

What does metformin improve

A

Insulin sensitivity

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19
Q

What medication is GREAT to manage type 2 diabetes but leads to loss of muscle mass

A

GLP-1 (semaglutide)

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20
Q

What do semaglutides help with

A

1) Weight loss
2) Improve glucose control

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21
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

Autoimmune disorder that destroy beta cells

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22
Q

When is type 1 diabetes most often detected

A

Adolescence

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23
Q

What other factor can VERY RARELY trigger type 1 diabetes

A

An extreme trauma/stress

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24
Q

What is the main issue surrounding type 2 diabetes

A

One can’t absorb glucose properly

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25
Q

What is the main issue surrounding type 1 diabetes

A

One can’t produce insulin

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26
Q

What is required for glycogen to get to the liver and muscle

A

Body tranferers

27
Q

What are the ONLY two ways to get Glut4 or Glut2 to the surface of the liver

A

1) Insulin
2) Muscle contraction

28
Q

What does stravation do

A

Loose muscle mass and you use your muscles as a source of energy

29
Q

When you starve do you have a higher MPS or MPB

A

MPB

30
Q

What is glucose utilization

A

Break down glucose and use it as a source of energy

31
Q

What is always needed to complete the reactions associated with glucose to allow one to use glucose as a source of energy

A

2 enzymes
- 6 phosphate
- Hexokinase

32
Q

What is an indicator of an enzyme

A

It ends with ‘‘ase’’

33
Q

What are enzymes refered to

A

Scissors

34
Q

If the glucose is already in the cell do you need both enzymes to use glucose

A

No, only 6 phosphate

35
Q

Do you need to be done eating food completely to secrete insulin

A

No, there are sensors in your tongue they indicate that food is coming hence the body needs to start secreting insulin.

36
Q

How fast after exercise do lactate levels go back to normal

A

30 minutes

37
Q

What are cramps created by

A

Neuromuscular system

38
Q

What molecules are cramps associated with (not lactate)

A

How calcium is used in the body

39
Q

True or false, there is a direct link between higher blood lactate and soreness

A

False, there is a correlation between higher blood lactate and soreness but not a direct link

40
Q

When does plasma glucose increase

A

With activity intensity increase

41
Q

During studies of plasma glucose, why did they only draw blood at the end of the exercise training

A

Hard to draw blood as participants are running very fast

42
Q

What was an interesting finding of the study on plasma glucose and insulin

A

During exercise, there is no increase in insulin levels. The peak is only present right after the exercise

43
Q

What does a spike in adrenaline do

A

Blocks the production of insulin

44
Q

When do you have the highest glucose levels

A

During sprinting

45
Q

What measures the amount of glucose attached to your red blood cells

A

HbA1c

46
Q

How long does HbA1c measure glucose

A

Last 3 months

47
Q

What is an advantage of HbA1c

A

Gives a great average of glucose levels as glucose levels changes really fast in our day to day life.

48
Q

What can reduce type 2 diabetes to zero

A

LIFESTYLE CHANGES

49
Q

What are two risk factors of getting type 2 diabetes

A

Insulin disorder or resistance

50
Q

What is one way to control your type 2 diabetes

A

Don’t eat as much foods that will spike your glucose levels, also known as foods with low glycemic index

51
Q

Is a low insulin sensitivity good or bad

A

Bad

52
Q

What will a low insulin sensitivity lead to

A

High insulin resistance

53
Q

What is a serious complication from type 2 diabetes

A

Amputation because the blood vessels are affected and no nutrients are able to reach the tissues.

54
Q

What is the delay from measuring blood glucose from the skin

A

15 minutes

55
Q

What is the best insulin test you can use

A

Skin measurements

56
Q

What does Metformin medication do

A

Lowers blood sugar

57
Q

In type 2 diabetes what was found in a study that had to do with lifestyle changes and metformin

A

Lifestyle changes itself had more improvement than metformin did. It decreased diabetes by half.

58
Q

What does decrease weight also decrease

A

1) Insulin sensitivity
2) Bone density

59
Q

How can you conserve your BD during rapid weight loss

A

Do resistance training (protects over half)

60
Q

What is HMB

A

Important supplement in maintaining BD and muscle mass

61
Q

In olrder adults, which exercise (aerobic or resistance) is the key to longevity and better functionality

A

Resistance

62
Q

What exercise is great for patients with type 1 diabetes and why

A

10-s maximal sprint as sprints increases glucose levels and can avoid hypoglycemia

63
Q

What should a person with type 1 diabetes always carry

A

Carbs

EXS301: Health and Exercise Science (3 decks)

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