Final Part 1: astronauts

Question 1

What is bedrest used for?

Answer 1

Recovery (after an injury)

Question 2

What does bedrest decrease

Answer 2

Blood flow AND glucose in the brain

Question 3

Is bed rest good for you?

Answer 3

Long duration, it is actually bad for you

Question 4

What is one of the most prestigious scientific journals?

Answer 4

The Lancet

Question 5

What does 6 months in space change to your cardiovascular health

Answer 5

Your cardiovascular health increased in age of 20 years

Question 6

What is bedrest an accelerated model of

Answer 6

Aging

Question 7

Can you be sitting down, for something to be considered a ‘‘bedrest’’

Answer 7

No, you need to be laying completely flat

Question 8

If bedrest is bad why are we still using it?

Answer 8

To understand what is happening in the body as we age

Question 9

Why do astronauts age faster than regular people?

Answer 9

The decrease in gravity means that they don’t need to contract their muscles as much or at all.

Question 10

How long does it take to regain the muscle mass loss after 14 days of bedrest

Answer 10

at least a year

Question 11

Within 5-10 days of bedrest, what percent of your muscle strength do you loose

Answer 11

10-14%

Question 12

After how many days does your body adapt to bedrest and your muscle atrophy remains stable

Answer 12

40 days

Question 13

If you want to increase your venous return what muscle should you contract?

Answer 13

Calf (calve pumps)

Question 14

What percentage of blood is lost by astronauts

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

What does a decrease in blood volume lead to

Answer 15

Decrease in O2 to the brain and other regions

Question 16

Why do astronaut loose blood?

Answer 16

Blood is concentrated at the top of the heart which sends a message to the brain to evacuate blood volume through pee.

Question 17

How fast do astronaut loose their blood volume

Answer 17

In the first 24-48h

Question 18

What simulation reflects the astronauts lost of blood volume on earth?

Answer 18

6 degree head tilt

Question 19

How much blood volume is lost during the 6 degree head tilt

Answer 19

14%

Question 20

In 3 months how much lean mass is lost by astronauts

Answer 20

2-4%

Question 21

In 3 months, how much fat mass is gained by astronauts

Answer 21

4.5-8%

Question 22

As we age what do we loose

Answer 22

Bone density

Question 23

What is the average age of astronauts

Answer 23

48

Question 24

What factor on earth help us not loose as much bone density

Answer 24

Mechanical stress of gravity

Question 25

What disease are astronauts more likely to get

Answer 25

Diabetes

Question 26

Why do astronauts have a higher likelyhood of getting diabetes

Answer 26

They have more insulin resistance because in space you don’t need to contract your muscles

Question 27

What is needed to regulate glucose

Answer 27

Muscle contraction

Question 28

What is one inovative way astronauts can now exercise

Answer 28

ARED, it’s a resistance training machine that helps stimulate the muscles heavily

Question 29

IRED

Answer 29

Loading exercise up to 300lbs

Question 30

ARED

Answer 30

Prevents loss of muscle mass by mimicking 600lbs weight-lifting exercises

Question 31

Why in the study on the head down tilt bedrest did they use the ergo cycle bike instead of the treadmill?

Answer 31

to reduce fall risks

Question 32

What did exercise allow to maintain in the study of head tilt bedrest

Answer 32

Number of mitochondria’s

Question 33

What is glycogen

Answer 33

Stored glucose in liver and pancreas

Question 34

What is glycolysis

Answer 34

Breakdown of glucose for energy

Question 35

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 35

Turning glycogen into glucose

Question 36

What is glycogenesis

Answer 36

Forming glycogen from glucose

Question 37

When is glycogen synthase active

Answer 37

After meals