Final Part 1: astronauts Flashcards
What is bedrest used for?
Recovery (after an injury)
What does bedrest decrease
Blood flow AND glucose in the brain
Is bed rest good for you?
Long duration, it is actually bad for you
What is one of the most prestigious scientific journals?
The Lancet
What does 6 months in space change to your cardiovascular health
Your cardiovascular health increased in age of 20 years
What is bedrest an accelerated model of
Aging
Can you be sitting down, for something to be considered a ‘‘bedrest’’
No, you need to be laying completely flat
If bedrest is bad why are we still using it?
To understand what is happening in the body as we age
Why do astronauts age faster than regular people?
The decrease in gravity means that they don’t need to contract their muscles as much or at all.
How long does it take to regain the muscle mass loss after 14 days of bedrest
at least a year
Within 5-10 days of bedrest, what percent of your muscle strength do you loose
10-14%
After how many days does your body adapt to bedrest and your muscle atrophy remains stable
40 days
If you want to increase your venous return what muscle should you contract?
Calf (calve pumps)
What percentage of blood is lost by astronauts
20%
What does a decrease in blood volume lead to
Decrease in O2 to the brain and other regions
Why do astronaut loose blood?
Blood is concentrated at the top of the heart which sends a message to the brain to evacuate blood volume through pee.
How fast do astronaut loose their blood volume
In the first 24-48h
What simulation reflects the astronauts lost of blood volume on earth?
6 degree head tilt
How much blood volume is lost during the 6 degree head tilt
14%
In 3 months how much lean mass is lost by astronauts
2-4%
In 3 months, how much fat mass is gained by astronauts
4.5-8%
As we age what do we loose
Bone density
What is the average age of astronauts
48
What factor on earth help us not loose as much bone density
Mechanical stress of gravity
What disease are astronauts more likely to get
Diabetes
Why do astronauts have a higher likelyhood of getting diabetes
They have more insulin resistance because in space you don’t need to contract your muscles
What is needed to regulate glucose
Muscle contraction
What is one inovative way astronauts can now exercise
ARED, it’s a resistance training machine that helps stimulate the muscles heavily
IRED
Loading exercise up to 300lbs
ARED
Prevents loss of muscle mass by mimicking 600lbs weight-lifting exercises
Why in the study on the head down tilt bedrest did they use the ergo cycle bike instead of the treadmill?
to reduce fall risks
What did exercise allow to maintain in the study of head tilt bedrest
Number of mitochondria’s
What is glycogen
Stored glucose in liver and pancreas
What is glycolysis
Breakdown of glucose for energy
What is glycogenolysis
Turning glycogen into glucose
What is glycogenesis
Forming glycogen from glucose
When is glycogen synthase active
After meals
