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Prevention and Production Medicine > Final part 2- Equine, Risco, Aqua > Flashcards

Final part 2- Equine, Risco, Aqua Flashcards

1
Q

Vax scheduling- equine

A

If mare vax 4-6 w prior and adequate colostrum: 6 months, 4-6 w later, 1 year; If no mare vax/colostrum: 3-4 months, 4-6 later, 1 year

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2
Q

Core equine vax- equine

A

TER- tetanus, encephalidities, rabies

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3
Q

Pathog. signs for tetanus- equine

A

Saw horse, third eyelid prolapse early

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4
Q

Tetanus vax reqmts- equine

A

Tetanus toxoid: Normal foal schedule, annually, and if open wound/sx more than 6m since last

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5
Q

Tyler’s disease– equine

A

Liver dz from bio product administration

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6
Q

Encephaliditis- higher mortatlity forms- equine

A

EEE/VEE&raquo_space;> WEE, WNV

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7
Q

Encephaliditis- types- equine

A

Alpha (WEE,VEE,EEE), flavi- WNV

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8
Q

Encephaliditis- reservoir, infection- equine

A

Birds, mosquito

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9
Q

EEE - CS- equine

A

Cerebral cortex- low fever/viremia 2 days, neuro 5 days, high fever, death 2-3 after neuro

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10
Q

WNV- CS- equine

A

Mid-hind brain, spine; weakness/ataxia in all, behavior changes, muscle fasciculations, CN defecits, flaccid paralysis

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11
Q

FL- EEE/WEE, WNV vax sched- equine

A

EEE/WEE: Booster q4-6 m, 1 month prior to mosquito season; WNV- 1-2x/yr depending on vax

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12
Q

Encephaliditis- broodmare, foals vax- equine

A

EEE/WNV vax 1-2m prior to foaling; 3 foal vax starting at 3-4 months

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13
Q

Rabies- schedule- equine

A

Annual IM, normal foal schedule

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14
Q

Risk based vaxes- equine

A

Influenza, EHV, strangles

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15
Q

Flu- incidence, tx- equine

A

Less than 3, stress; REST,

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16
Q

Flu vax sched- equine

A

q6-12m; foals at 6 m, broodmares last 30 days

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17
Q

Flu vax types- equine

A

inactivated IM, ML cold IN, canary vector IM

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18
Q

EHV types and CS- equine

A

EHV1- fever and nasal d/c before neuro signs. Abortion at 7-9 months, neonatal death; EHV4- respiratory (exactly like flu) in young

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19
Q

EHV transmission- equine

A

Directly contagious!

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20
Q

EHV vax- indications- equine- equine

A

minimize CS, does not prevent disease-

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21
Q

EHV Vax schedules- equine

A

5, 7, 9 months pregnancy, 30 days before foaling for colostral immunity; normal foal schedule, q 6 months in yearlings

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22
Q

***Name reportable diseases- equine

A

encephalidities- WNV, strangles, Equine infectious anemia

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23
Q

Strangles agent, CS- equine

A

Strep equi equi, fever, LN enlargement, abscess, RP LN enlargement causes dyspnea

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24
Q

Strangles transmission- equine

A

HIGHLY contagious, shedding 1-2 days after fever and for 4 weeks post CS (not until GP negative)

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25
Strangles gold standard dx- equine
Nasal-pharyngeal culture
26
Strangles SeM protein test- uses, describe results- equine
To confirm purpura/bastard strangles, weak positive needs retest, moderate indicates recent exposure or 6m-2y infection, high indicates infection or recent vax
27
How long should strangles pastures be rested- equine
4 weeks
28
- equineStrangles vax SE
All can cause purpura hemorrhagica, DO NOT use when dz present
29
Strangles vax indications- equine
Previously affected farm, farms with young stock, sale/show stables
30
Strangles vax types- equine
IM- q6-12m, start normal; IN- 3 total starting at 6-9, more effective but cant be used for colostral immunity
31
Botulism- region, types, recommendation- equine
KY, mid-atlantic coast, pregnant in endemic areas in last trimester
32
PHF- agent, area, source- equine
Neorickettsiaeaster US/Ca, snail/caddis flies
33
PHF- vax indication- equine
Lessen dz- less laminitis, might not prevent, no evidence
34
EVA- main concern, transmission- equine
Abortion; semen/respiratory
35
EVA- vax indication, schedule- equine
Control outbreak, prevent transmission from stallion to broodmare; vax colt at 6-12 months
36
What is the most common form of infectious diarrhea in foals- equine
Rotavirus
37
Rotavirus vax indications- equine
On endemic farms- pregnant before foaling
38
Lepto vax- indications- equine
vax with CS, might make it worse- NOT for pregnant
39
Coggins test- for what?- equine
Equine infectious anemia- negative test q6-12m for travel/show/certificates
40
Objectives of prev. medicine- equine
Reduce waste from managment issues and sub-optimal production
41
Define determinant- cows
factor which when altered will affect frequency or characteristic of a dz
42
Define Syndrome- cows
set of signs that occur together that point to a single dz or condition
43
3 parameters of herd monitoring in prod. med.- cows
Production (milk, protein), reproduction (preg rate), and health (ketosis, LDAs, etc)
44
- cowsDefine target vs action
Target is an attainable production goal parameters, action is a threshold where intervention must be taken
45
Sensitivity equation- cows
No false negatives- TP/ (TP-FN)
46
Specificity equation- cows
No false positives- TN/ (TN-FP)
47
Prevalance equation- cows
TP + FN/N
48
+ Predictive Value , - Predictive Value equations- cows
+= TP/(TP+FP) - = TN/(FN+TN)
49
FL and GA- co-op for milk sales- cows
Southeast Milk Animal Husbandry Audit
50
Modern beef and dairy trends re: resources- cows
Fewer than 1977; more milk, less cows, less GHG emissions
51
Equine- goals for parasite program- first year
Limit parasite burden until young develop immunity
52
Equine- goals for parasite program- adults
Minimize dz without causing resistance
53
Equine-Major equine internal parasites
Small strongyles (cyathostomes), large strongyles, *tapeworms (anoplocephala perfoliata), *ascarids (parascaris equorum)
54
Equine-What is the most important parasite to manage in adult horses, why
Small stronglyes (cyathastomes)- resistance, long migration/encyst times,
55
Equine-Small strongyle CS
inflammation from emergence of larvae causing intense inflammation leading to hemorrhage and edema of cecum and colon and diarrhea/colic
56
Equine-Large strongyle CS
Severe migration causing thrombi- migrate through abdominal tissue and live in lumen, cause colic, poor growth, weight loss
57
Equine-Large strongyle tx
Ivermectin
58
Equine-Tx with cyathostome resistance
Fenben, oxiben, pyrantel (FOP is a flop)
59
Equine-Tx wtih larvicidal and encysted larvae action
Fenben, moxidectin
60
Equine-Ivermectin effectiveness
Larvicidal only (not encysted)
61
Equine-Roundworm- agent
Parascaris equorum
62
Equine-Roundworms- dx
Fecal float AFTER 90 days because have to migrate and lay eggs (takes 72-80d)
63
Equine-When should you deworm for roundworms
With FECRT if possible, First year: at 60 days, q 60 with ivermectin, q 30 with pyrantel
64
Equine-Best tx for roundworm adults and migrating larvae
Ivermectin (others only get adults)
65
Equine-Tapeworm- agent, location
Anoplocephala perfoliata, IC valve
66
Tapeworm deworm scheduleEquine-
Praziquantel (or pyrantel) prior to weaning and once or twice a year
67
Equine-Botfly tx
Ivermectin
68
Equine-Macrolytic lactones best tx for
Late gestation prevention of threadworms (strongyloides westeri)
69
Equine-What are the biggest parasites of concern for the adult horse
Small and large strongyles, tapeworms
70
Equine-What are the parasites of concern for the juvenile horse
ascarids, strongyloids, small and large strongyles
71
Equine-Refugia concept
Wild types dont have resistance genes, minimal deworming favors their existence/survival- Tx horses with high FEC and CS
72
Equine-FEC results
dont treat under 200, may treat between 200-500, treat over 500
73
Equine-FECRT equation
(pre tx EPG-post tx EPG) / pre tx EPG] x100
74
Equine-Interpret FECRT
> 90 good, 80-90 suspicious,
75
Equine-Climate considerations
over 85= larval death, under 45= no hatching
76
Equine-Egg reappearance period- describe
Time between tx and resumption of >200 EPG
77
Equine-Egg reappearance period - rank tx longest to shortest
Moxi - iver - pyrantel/BNZ
78
Equine-Neonate normals
2 min sternal, 30 min suckle reflex, 60 min stand, 120 nurse
79
Equine-123 rule
1- hour to stand, 2- hours to nurse, 3- hours to pass placenta
80
Equine-First PE- HR
start low, peak 100-120, 80-100 week 1
81
Equine-First PE- RR
Goes from 80-30 bpm as fluid filled lung goes to air filled
82
Equine-Best umbilical care
Chlorhex (dilute)
83
Equine-When to give enema-
In first few hours (fleet, warm/soapy water), only one by client, then call vet
84
Equine-Colostrum rules- foal
2 L in 24h, first 2 hours most critical
85
Equine-What influences gut closure
suckling
86
Equine-IgG measurement- when/parameters
in first 12-24h:
87
Equine-Tetanus antitoxin use in foal
If mare not vax
88
Equine-Abx tx in foal
If birth not observed due to high risk of sepsis
89
Equine-First PE checklist
1-2-3 rule, dip umbilicus, enema, IgG check, +/- vax/abx

Prevention and Production Medicine (4 decks)

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