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Prevention and Production Medicine > Final part 2- Equine, Risco, Aqua > Flashcards

Final part 2- Equine, Risco, Aqua Flashcards

1
Q

Vax scheduling- equine

A

If mare vax 4-6 w prior and adequate colostrum: 6 months, 4-6 w later, 1 year; If no mare vax/colostrum: 3-4 months, 4-6 later, 1 year

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2
Q

Core equine vax- equine

A

TER- tetanus, encephalidities, rabies

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3
Q

Pathog. signs for tetanus- equine

A

Saw horse, third eyelid prolapse early

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4
Q

Tetanus vax reqmts- equine

A

Tetanus toxoid: Normal foal schedule, annually, and if open wound/sx more than 6m since last

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5
Q

Tyler’s disease– equine

A

Liver dz from bio product administration

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6
Q

Encephaliditis- higher mortatlity forms- equine

A

EEE/VEE&raquo_space;> WEE, WNV

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7
Q

Encephaliditis- types- equine

A

Alpha (WEE,VEE,EEE), flavi- WNV

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8
Q

Encephaliditis- reservoir, infection- equine

A

Birds, mosquito

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9
Q

EEE - CS- equine

A

Cerebral cortex- low fever/viremia 2 days, neuro 5 days, high fever, death 2-3 after neuro

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10
Q

WNV- CS- equine

A

Mid-hind brain, spine; weakness/ataxia in all, behavior changes, muscle fasciculations, CN defecits, flaccid paralysis

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11
Q

FL- EEE/WEE, WNV vax sched- equine

A

EEE/WEE: Booster q4-6 m, 1 month prior to mosquito season; WNV- 1-2x/yr depending on vax

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12
Q

Encephaliditis- broodmare, foals vax- equine

A

EEE/WNV vax 1-2m prior to foaling; 3 foal vax starting at 3-4 months

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13
Q

Rabies- schedule- equine

A

Annual IM, normal foal schedule

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14
Q

Risk based vaxes- equine

A

Influenza, EHV, strangles

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15
Q

Flu- incidence, tx- equine

A

Less than 3, stress; REST,

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16
Q

Flu vax sched- equine

A

q6-12m; foals at 6 m, broodmares last 30 days

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17
Q

Flu vax types- equine

A

inactivated IM, ML cold IN, canary vector IM

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18
Q

EHV types and CS- equine

A

EHV1- fever and nasal d/c before neuro signs. Abortion at 7-9 months, neonatal death; EHV4- respiratory (exactly like flu) in young

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19
Q

EHV transmission- equine

A

Directly contagious!

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20
Q

EHV vax- indications- equine- equine

A

minimize CS, does not prevent disease-

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21
Q

EHV Vax schedules- equine

A

5, 7, 9 months pregnancy, 30 days before foaling for colostral immunity; normal foal schedule, q 6 months in yearlings

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22
Q

***Name reportable diseases- equine

A

encephalidities- WNV, strangles, Equine infectious anemia

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23
Q

Strangles agent, CS- equine

A

Strep equi equi, fever, LN enlargement, abscess, RP LN enlargement causes dyspnea

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24
Q

Strangles transmission- equine

A

HIGHLY contagious, shedding 1-2 days after fever and for 4 weeks post CS (not until GP negative)

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25
Q

Strangles gold standard dx- equine

A

Nasal-pharyngeal culture

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26
Q

Strangles SeM protein test- uses, describe results- equine

A

To confirm purpura/bastard strangles, weak positive needs retest, moderate indicates recent exposure or 6m-2y infection, high indicates infection or recent vax

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27
Q

How long should strangles pastures be rested- equine

A

4 weeks

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28
Q
  • equineStrangles vax SE
A

All can cause purpura hemorrhagica, DO NOT use when dz present

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29
Q

Strangles vax indications- equine

A

Previously affected farm, farms with young stock, sale/show stables

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30
Q

Strangles vax types- equine

A

IM- q6-12m, start normal; IN- 3 total starting at 6-9, more effective but cant be used for colostral immunity

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31
Q

Botulism- region, types, recommendation- equine

A

KY, mid-atlantic coast, pregnant in endemic areas in last trimester

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32
Q

PHF- agent, area, source- equine

A

Neorickettsiaeaster US/Ca, snail/caddis flies

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33
Q

PHF- vax indication- equine

A

Lessen dz- less laminitis, might not prevent, no evidence

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34
Q

EVA- main concern, transmission- equine

A

Abortion; semen/respiratory

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35
Q

EVA- vax indication, schedule- equine

A

Control outbreak, prevent transmission from stallion to broodmare; vax colt at 6-12 months

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36
Q

What is the most common form of infectious diarrhea in foals- equine

A

Rotavirus

37
Q

Rotavirus vax indications- equine

A

On endemic farms- pregnant before foaling

38
Q

Lepto vax- indications- equine

A

vax with CS, might make it worse- NOT for pregnant

39
Q

Coggins test- for what?- equine

A

Equine infectious anemia- negative test q6-12m for travel/show/certificates

40
Q

Objectives of prev. medicine- equine

A

Reduce waste from managment issues and sub-optimal production

41
Q

Define determinant- cows

A

factor which when altered will affect frequency or characteristic of a dz

42
Q

Define Syndrome- cows

A

set of signs that occur together that point to a single dz or condition

43
Q

3 parameters of herd monitoring in prod. med.- cows

A

Production (milk, protein), reproduction (preg rate), and health (ketosis, LDAs, etc)

44
Q
  • cowsDefine target vs action
A

Target is an attainable production goal parameters, action is a threshold where intervention must be taken

45
Q

Sensitivity equation- cows

A

No false negatives- TP/ (TP-FN)

46
Q

Specificity equation- cows

A

No false positives- TN/ (TN-FP)

47
Q

Prevalance equation- cows

A

TP + FN/N

48
Q

+ Predictive Value , - Predictive Value equations- cows

A

+= TP/(TP+FP) - = TN/(FN+TN)

49
Q

FL and GA- co-op for milk sales- cows

A

Southeast Milk Animal Husbandry Audit

50
Q

Modern beef and dairy trends re: resources- cows

A

Fewer than 1977; more milk, less cows, less GHG emissions

51
Q

Equine- goals for parasite program- first year

A

Limit parasite burden until young develop immunity

52
Q

Equine- goals for parasite program- adults

A

Minimize dz without causing resistance

53
Q

Equine-Major equine internal parasites

A

Small strongyles (cyathostomes), large strongyles, *tapeworms (anoplocephala perfoliata), *ascarids (parascaris equorum)

54
Q

Equine-What is the most important parasite to manage in adult horses, why

A

Small stronglyes (cyathastomes)- resistance, long migration/encyst times,

55
Q

Equine-Small strongyle CS

A

inflammation from emergence of larvae causing intense inflammation leading to hemorrhage and edema of cecum and colon and diarrhea/colic

56
Q

Equine-Large strongyle CS

A

Severe migration causing thrombi- migrate through abdominal tissue and live in lumen, cause colic, poor growth, weight loss

57
Q

Equine-Large strongyle tx

A

Ivermectin

58
Q

Equine-Tx with cyathostome resistance

A

Fenben, oxiben, pyrantel (FOP is a flop)

59
Q

Equine-Tx wtih larvicidal and encysted larvae action

A

Fenben, moxidectin

60
Q

Equine-Ivermectin effectiveness

A

Larvicidal only (not encysted)

61
Q

Equine-Roundworm- agent

A

Parascaris equorum

62
Q

Equine-Roundworms- dx

A

Fecal float AFTER 90 days because have to migrate and lay eggs (takes 72-80d)

63
Q

Equine-When should you deworm for roundworms

A

With FECRT if possible, First year: at 60 days, q 60 with ivermectin, q 30 with pyrantel

64
Q

Equine-Best tx for roundworm adults and migrating larvae

A

Ivermectin (others only get adults)

65
Q

Equine-Tapeworm- agent, location

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata, IC valve

66
Q

Tapeworm deworm scheduleEquine-

A

Praziquantel (or pyrantel) prior to weaning and once or twice a year

67
Q

Equine-Botfly tx

A

Ivermectin

68
Q

Equine-Macrolytic lactones best tx for

A

Late gestation prevention of threadworms (strongyloides westeri)

69
Q

Equine-What are the biggest parasites of concern for the adult horse

A

Small and large strongyles, tapeworms

70
Q

Equine-What are the parasites of concern for the juvenile horse

A

ascarids, strongyloids, small and large strongyles

71
Q

Equine-Refugia concept

A

Wild types dont have resistance genes, minimal deworming favors their existence/survival- Tx horses with high FEC and CS

72
Q

Equine-FEC results

A

dont treat under 200, may treat between 200-500, treat over 500

73
Q

Equine-FECRT equation

A

(pre tx EPG-post tx EPG) / pre tx EPG] x100

74
Q

Equine-Interpret FECRT

A

> 90 good, 80-90 suspicious,

75
Q

Equine-Climate considerations

A

over 85= larval death, under 45= no hatching

76
Q

Equine-Egg reappearance period- describe

A

Time between tx and resumption of >200 EPG

77
Q

Equine-Egg reappearance period - rank tx longest to shortest

A

Moxi - iver - pyrantel/BNZ

78
Q

Equine-Neonate normals

A

2 min sternal, 30 min suckle reflex, 60 min stand, 120 nurse

79
Q

Equine-123 rule

A

1- hour to stand, 2- hours to nurse, 3- hours to pass placenta

80
Q

Equine-First PE- HR

A

start low, peak 100-120, 80-100 week 1

81
Q

Equine-First PE- RR

A

Goes from 80-30 bpm as fluid filled lung goes to air filled

82
Q

Equine-Best umbilical care

A

Chlorhex (dilute)

83
Q

Equine-When to give enema-

A

In first few hours (fleet, warm/soapy water), only one by client, then call vet

84
Q

Equine-Colostrum rules- foal

A

2 L in 24h, first 2 hours most critical

85
Q

Equine-What influences gut closure

A

suckling

86
Q

Equine-IgG measurement- when/parameters

A

in first 12-24h:

87
Q

Equine-Tetanus antitoxin use in foal

A

If mare not vax

88
Q

Equine-Abx tx in foal

A

If birth not observed due to high risk of sepsis

89
Q

Equine-First PE checklist

A

1-2-3 rule, dip umbilicus, enema, IgG check, +/- vax/abx

Prevention and Production Medicine (4 decks)

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