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Prevention and Production Medicine > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Gilt

A

Female, no births

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2
Q

Barrow

A

Male, castrated- meat source

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3
Q

Sow

A

Female with young

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4
Q

Weaner age

A

~3 weeks, weaned

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5
Q

Shoat

A

Older pig- term not used often

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6
Q

Finisher/fat hog- age/size

A

6 months, 280 lb, ready for market

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7
Q

Wean to finish sizes

A

30 lb to 280 lb

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8
Q

Feedback

A

Inoculate all animas at same time with pig intestines/manure to get them all sick at once

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9
Q

Parity

A

Number of litters

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10
Q

Non-productive sow day

A

3-7 days of not pregnant, not lactating

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11
Q

SEW- define, what is it used for?

A

Segregated early weaning to control disease

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12
Q

MEW

A

Medicated early weaning

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13
Q

MMEW

A

Modified medicated early weaning

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14
Q

Farm:pig ratio trend

A

More pigs, less farms

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15
Q

Describe the pig pyramid

A

Nucleus- multipliers- producers- market

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16
Q

Spot- -type of pig

A

Dark

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17
Q

SPF- define

A

Specific pathogen free

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18
Q

Primary SPF

A

C section derived

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19
Q

Ideal # teats

A

14

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20
Q

Most cost effective way to tx disease/outbreak

A

H2O tx

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21
Q

Duroc, Poland, Hampshire, Berkshire- type of pigs

A

Dark

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22
Q

Type of pig with lean muscle for meat

A

Dark

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23
Q

Pigs that are better mothers, not meat

A

White

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24
Q

Yorkshire, Landrace, Pietran type of pig

A

White (pietran spotted)

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25
Q

Method of death- gunshot, captive bolt

A

Disrupt brainstem

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26
Q

What is a rotational cross

A

Several different breeds mixed to maintain hybrid vigor

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27
Q

White scours/wet tail scours/ETEC- agent

A

Colibacillosis E. Coli

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28
Q

Secondary SPF

A

from primary SPF

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29
Q

TGE- agent

A

Coronavirus serotype 1

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30
Q

Colibacillosis in neonates - pathogenesis

A

Pili attach to enterocytes and destroy crypts, toxin secreted into SI lead to acidosis, dehydration, death

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31
Q

MMA- dz source in growing/breeding sows

A

PEDv (coronavirus)

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32
Q

Colibacillosis- tx

A

Abx, fluids

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33
Q

TGE- transmission

A

Coronavirus in feces for 10 weeks, fecal oral, airborne to 1 mile

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34
Q

Diarrhea and septicemia in

A

Colibacillosis (white scours, ETEC)

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35
Q

Coronavirus- diseases

A

TGE, PEDv

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36
Q

Most common site for gastric ulceration of animals at slaughter

A

Pars esophagae- where esophagus attaches to stomach

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37
Q

Profuse watery D, milk curds, V- dz

A

TGE (with less V can be PEDv)

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38
Q

Causes of gastric ulceration

A

Copper, stress, gastric acidity, whey, corn starch, off feed, etc

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39
Q

Colibacillosis (white scours, ETEC)- control

A

Vax to sow, AI/AO

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40
Q

Peracute death from hemorrhage/peritonitis in older pigs or chronic melena, weight loss, anemia and abdominal pain can be due to - dz

A

Gastric ulcers

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41
Q

TGE replication, pathogenesis

A

Lung, all SI; Villi damage, malabsorption, D, dehydration

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42
Q

PEDv vax- when to use

A

Dont use in sows unless a problem is present

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43
Q

PEDv pathogenesis

A

Villi destruction from replication in enterocytes of SI, ulceration leads to fluid loss, dehydration

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44
Q

Describe TGE immunity; best control method

A

IgG initial (Ab in serum for 7 weeks), IgA in gut colostrum; Maternal Ab in 6-12w piglets; Best control: Feedback

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45
Q

Fever, coughing, respiratory thumping, naso-ocular d/c in any age from nursery to finishers- dz

A

PRDC- porcine respiratory disease complex (pneumonia)

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46
Q

Ileitis*, NPE, RI, PHE, and NE are all other names for

A

PIA- porcine intestinal adenomatosis

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47
Q

PRDC agents

A

M. hyorhinus, PRRSV, SIV, bacteria

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48
Q

PEDv vs TGE cs

A

PEDv V less common

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49
Q

4.5 d old, watery, pasty D with rough hair coat

A

Coccidiosis

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50
Q

Respiratory infection with chronic non-productive coughing, rough hair coat, body condition loss, but low mortality

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia from mycopasma pneumoniae (or occasionally m. hyo)

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51
Q

Transmission of myco pneumonia

A

Aerosol or direct contact most common, airborne possible; Sow to piglet or pig to pig

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52
Q

Coccidiosis agent, source of infection

A

Isospora suis; NOT the sow, oocytes in the environment sporulate

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53
Q

Edema of gut, nervous signs, CPD in weaned pigs- dz

A

Edema dz from colibacillosis

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54
Q

Most common age for myco. pneumonia

A

3-10 weeks

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55
Q

Coccidiosis- gross lesions

A

Thickened, turgid jejunum and ileum

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56
Q

Pathogenesis of myco pneumonia

A

Infection of cilia of URT causing clumping and shedding (likely due to a cytotoxin) affecting mucociliary apparatus

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57
Q

Name the dz via the lesion: Necropsy- thin walled SI

A

PEDv or TGE

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58
Q

Coccidiosis- control, Tx

A

Get rid of spores, quaternary ammonia compounds/chlorox, heat/steam; Tx: Amprolium or decoquinate (coccidiostats), sulfas

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59
Q

Rotovirus- transmission, replication, pathogenesis

A

Sow to piglet at farrowing; SI replication, villous damage leading to malabsorption, D

60
Q

Agents associated with PIA

A

campylobacter, lawsonia

61
Q

Pig less than 7 days, peracute to acute bloody diarrhea- dz

A

Clostridial enteritis (can also be chronic/subacute in older)

62
Q

Name the dz from the lesion: Histo: peribronchilar lymphocytic hyperplasia

A

Myco pneumonia

63
Q

Most common cause of salmonellosis

A

S. cholerasuis

64
Q

Tx myco. pneumonia

A

Tetracyclines, tylan; Used to treat with quinolones but now illegal

65
Q

Clostridial enteritis- tx

A

PPG (penicillin G) (gram +)

66
Q

Clostridial enteritis- usefulness of vaccines

A

Vax all sows to help control, bacitracin may reduce shedding

67
Q

Diarrhea, stunting, +/- fever in weaned pig- dz

A

PWD Colibacillosis

68
Q

What causes and determines the severity of PWD Colibacillosis

A

Loss of lactogenic immunity at weaning; Pathogenicity and management determine severity

69
Q

Diagnose dz via lesion: Histo: loss of villous tips, clumping of villi, peroxidase staining

A

Rotovirus

70
Q

Sudden death of seemingly healthy pigs- dz

A

ED from colibacillosis

71
Q

Clostridial enteritis- agent

A

C. perfringens Type C

72
Q

Fever, restlessness, anorexia, cyanosis, yellow diarrhea- dz

A

Septicemic salmonellosis

73
Q

PWD (post-weaning D) and ED (edema dz)- agent

A

Colibacillosis strains in weaned pigs

74
Q

Merozoites, micro and macro gametes in SI indicate what infection

A

Coccidiosis

75
Q

Explosive coughing outbreak, 106-107 fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis- dz

A

SIV- swine influenza

76
Q

Pathogenesis of c. perfringens

A

Adheres to jejunal epithelium, damages villi- Beta toxin!!

77
Q

Pathogenesis of PWD

A

High stomach pH, environmental e. coli overgrowth, enterotoxins leading to secretory diarrhea

78
Q

Name the dz via the lesion: Gross: hemorrhagic SI, gas bubbles in serosa, bloody lumen; Histo- high # bacteria, villous damage

A

Clostridial enteritis (c. perfringens C)

79
Q

Fever, dehydration, loss of body condition, fast spreading D- dz

A

Enteric form of salmonellosis

80
Q

PWD- control methods

A

Creep feeding to intro solid food, split feedings, low #s per pen, complex diet, acidified H2O

81
Q

Mucohemorrhagic colitis with decreased performance and death losses in any ages but most common in feeder pigs- dz

A

Serpulina (brachyspira) hyodysenteriae - (anaerobic sprirochete)

82
Q

Serpulina (brachyspira) hyodysenteriae- pathogenesis

A

Entrance into colon via goblet cells, then into epithelial colon cells leading to destruction, inflammation, histamine release, and failure of fluid transport mechanisms

83
Q

Where are the only lesions for Serpulina hyodysenteriae found?

A

Mucosa

84
Q

7-14 day old pig, anorexia, V, D (can be profuse), dehydration- dz

A

Rotovirus

85
Q

Name dz from lesions: Histo: button ulcers, enlarged mesenteric LN, fluid-filled cecum/colon, necrotic colitis/typhlitis

A

Enteric salmonellosis

86
Q

PWD- tx

A

Feed or H2O gram negative Abx, +/- split feeding, acidified H2O/electrolytes in feed, change protein:fiber levels

87
Q

Name the dz from lesion: parathyroid nodule in liver

A

Septicemic salmonellosis

88
Q

Preferred/classic control of rotovirus

A

Feedback q 3-5 weeks

89
Q

Dx salmonellosis

A

Culture

90
Q

Tx salmonellosis

A

Early, aggressive Abx

91
Q

Tx rotovirus

A

Fluids, supportive, +/- Abx

92
Q

Vax plan for rotovirus

A

MLV/killed- in piglets and sows

93
Q

Name dz from lesions: congested liver, watery material in SI but SI not damaged, dehydration

A

PWD Colibacillosis

94
Q

Mouth breathing, thumping, early fever- dz

A

Pasteurella multocida

95
Q

Dz with longest shedding (70 days) that can survive in lagoon water, dogs, mice, starlings, flies

A

Serpulina (brachyspira) Hyodysenteriae

96
Q

Acute fever, anorexia, dyspnea leading to bloody nose, infarct and cyanosis –> death in 6 hours in grower/finisher pigs- dz

A

APP- actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (aka HPP)

97
Q

What causes death in pasteurella multocida

A

Endotoxic shock

98
Q

Best method of control for serpulina hyodysenteriae

A

depop/repop

99
Q

P. multocida-most common etiology, pathogenesis

A

Type A; Immune suppression, secondary to disease causing mucociliary tract dysfunction

100
Q

P. multocida- tx

A

Abx

101
Q

What lesion is pathognomonic for salmonellosis; name 3 gross lesions that could be seen

A

Parathyroid nodule in the liver; skin discoloration, enlarged LN, enlarged spleen

102
Q

Transmission of APP

A

Tonsil/lungs of carrier pig with nose-nose transmission of 10^4-10^6 orgs (fragile organism)

103
Q

Tx APP

A

Parenteral Abx early and often, Chronic: low stress, ventilation, cross protection

104
Q

Late term abortion, premature, mummified fetus- dz

A

PRRS

105
Q

PRRS etiology, transmission

A

Viral (lelystad, togavirus, arterivirus); Aerosol pig to pig, semen transmission

106
Q

PRRS- tx and control

A

Very expensive- control via proper strain vax

107
Q

Control myco pneumonia

A

AI/AO, SEW/MEW/MMEW, SPF,

Depop/Repop

108
Q

Control SIV

A

Vaccines!, ventilation, control birds

109
Q

What type of disease will SPF pigs still have?

A

Strep. suis

110
Q

TGE- tx

A

Fluids! (and prayer)

111
Q

Limiting amino acid in swine

A

Lysine

112
Q

Which agent is zoonotic: rotavirus, staph. hyacus, orisospora suis

A

Rotavirus

113
Q

What is the most cost-effective lesion to reduce horizontal respiratory disease transmission- vax, sanitation, individual medication, AIAO, feed medication

A

AIAO

114
Q

A minimal vaccination program for pre-breeding gilts should include vaccination against:

a. Pseudorabies, mycoplasmosis and atrophic rhinitis
b. Leptospirosis, parvovirus, and erysipelas
c. Parvovirus, colibacillosis, and TGE
d. Erysipelas, rotavirus, and hemophilus
e. Brucellosis, pseudorabies, and hog cholera

A

B- lepto, parvo, erysipelas

115
Q

The most important reason to use antibiotics in the feed for pigs is to:

a. Decrease costs
b. Ease of administration
c. Prevent disease
d. Treat disease
e. Improve gain and feed efficiency

A

Improve grain and feed efficiency (From notes: week 6-8 Abx target specific disease, improve feed: grain ratio)

116
Q

AIAO production will NOT do which of the following:

a. Increase usage of the facility
b. Ease management
c. Decrease death loss
d. Improve feed efficiency and ADG
e. Eliminate all respiratory disease

A

e- eliminate all respiratory dz

117
Q

In taking a history when dealing with neonatal scours in pigs, what one of the following facts may help you the most? (most important factor when diagnosing piglet diarrhea)

a. Age of onset
b. Breed of sire
c. Time of year
d. Color of scour

A

Age of onset (From notes: dx from Hx (age and CS signs)

118
Q

Prevention of colibacillosis in neonatal pigs is most economically & effectively prevented by:

a. Sanitation
b. Vaccination of the piglets
c. Vaccination of the dam [E. coli]
d. Management of the environment [Clostridium; All in/All out – Coccidiosis]
e. Feedback [TGE, rotavirus, E. coli, Clostridium]

A

c- vax of the dam (e. coli)

119
Q

TGE in piglets less than 10 days of age is best treated with:

a. Oral electrolytes
b. IV fluids
c. Sow medication
d. Piglet vaccination
e. Sow vaccination

A

B- IV fluids

120
Q

Which of the following neonatal diarrheas would feedback NOT work for?

a. Coccidiosis
b. TGE
c. Rotavirus
d. E. coli
e. Clostridium

A

a. coccidiosis

121
Q

The best explanation for why SEW is so successful is

a. The new site is clean
b. The pigs were moved away from the source of disease
c. Medication in the feed reduces the incidence of disease
d. Vaccination for appropriate pathogens is more successful

A

b- pigs moved away from source of disease

122
Q

Clostridium perfringens type C is best prevented by:

a. Vaccination of the sows and gilts with a killed bacterin/toxoid
b. Cleaning the farrowing house with a hot water high pressure sprayer
c. Administering antitoxin
d. A and B
e. All of the above

A

e. all of the above

123
Q

Which of the following combinations of pathogens usually causes porcine respiratory disease complex?

a. Salmonella cholerasuis and mycoplasma hyosynoviae
b. Pasteurella multocida type D, PRRS, SIV, and APP
c. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, PRRSV, SIV, bacteria (Pasteurella, s. suis, etc.)
d. Pseudorabies and hemophilus parasuis
e. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

c. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, PRRSV, SIV, bacteria (Pasteurella, s. suis, etc.)

124
Q

Most pigs today are raised from:

a. Pure breeds
b. Breeding stock companies pigs
c. Three or four way rotational crosses
d. SPF herds
e. None of the above

A

B- breeding stock companies’ pigs

125
Q

Two diseases that almost always should be vaccinated for are:

a. Salmonella and pasteurella
b. E. coli and Erysipelas
c. APP and PRRS
d. SIV and PRV
e. Coccidiosis and TGE

A

b. E. coli and Erysipelas

126
Q

Euthanasia of pigs is best carried out by:

a. Lethal injection
b. Blow to the head
c. Electrocution and exsanguinations
d. Gunshot to the brain
e. All of the above [all are humane]

A

e. All of the above [all are humane]

127
Q

When treating finisher pigs, the most important factor to take into account is:

a. Cost
b. Residues
c. Effectiveness of treatment
d. Ease of treatment

A

b. Residues

128
Q

You are called out to a farm to investigate death loss in baby pigs. The farmers say that a number of pigs die within a day or so of birth and then they lose some on and off until 10 days or so of age. You post several affected piglets and see a hemorrhagic small intestine in the youngest pigs and a diptheritic membrane in the older piglets. What disease do you suspect?

a. Coccidiosis
b. E. coli
c. Strongyloides
d. Rotavirus
e. Clostridium perfringens type C

A

e. Clostridium perfringens type C

129
Q

Which of the following swine etiologic agents can cause zoonotic disease

a. Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
b. Treponema hyodysenteriae
c. Streptococcus suis type II
d. Staph hyicus
e. Isospora suis

A

c. Streptococcus suis type II

130
Q

Which of the following swine respiratory diseases is characterized by acute death, low morbidity, high mortality, and requires co-culture for identification?

a. Enzootic pneumonia [(Mycoplasma Pneumonia) – high morbidity, low mortality]
b. Atrophic rhinitis
c. Swine influenza [high morbidity, low mortality]
d. Pasteurella multocida type A
e. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia/APP [aka Hemophilus/HPP]

A

e. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia/APP [aka Hemophilus/HPP]

131
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia is characterized by:

a. Low morbidity and low mortality
b. Low morbidity and high mortality
c. High morbidity and low mortality
d. High morbidity and high mortality
e. Few or no clinical signs

A

c. High morbidity and low mortality

132
Q

A basic fecal pH is typical of infection with:

a. Rotavirus
b. TGE
c. E.coli
d. Coccidiosis
e. Strongyloides

A

c. E.coli

133
Q

Suckling piglets restricted to concrete with no access to dirt may develop anemia due to:

a. Parasitism
b. Iron deficiency
c. Stomach ulceration
d. Copper deficiency
e. Molybdenum toxicity

A

b. Iron deficiency

134
Q

Neonatal pigs may have genetic resistance to the K88 strain of the following diarrheal disease agent:

a. Coronavirus
b. Clostridium perfringens type C
c. E. coli
d. Isospora suis

A

c. E. coli

135
Q

. Age-segregated rearing succeeds in reducing disease by

a. Removing piglets from the infected site
b. Having a clean nursery for the piglets to go to
c. Vaccination programs aimed at proper age of vaccination
d. Having an old sow herd
e. Medications of the piglets

A

a. Removing piglets from the infected site

136
Q

Two diseases that are always vaccinated for are:

a. Salmonella and Pasteurella
b. E. coli and Erysipelas
c. APP and PRRS
d. SIV and PRV
e. Coccidiosis and TGE

A

b. E. coli and Erysipelas

137
Q

All in/All out: pigs moved through production facilities as groups and rooms are emptied of pigs and cleaned/disinfected between groups. Advantages include all of the following:

a. Increased usage of facility
b. Ease of management
c. Decreased death loss
d. Improved feed efficiency (FE) and average daily growth (ADG)
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

138
Q

If a farmer had no money, but wanted to do one thing on days 1 – 3 to increase the swine herd health, which should he do?

a. Cut teeth, give iron, dip navel, cut tail, ear notch, antibiotics (coccidiostats), antiserums
b. Castrate, repeat C&D antitoxin, coccidiosis medication, gilt/boar selection, underline screening, vaccination (bordetella, pasteurella, erysipelas), creep feed (by day 7)
c. Give iron, wean, vaccination (mycoplasma, PRRSV), parasite control, split weaning, management considerations, parenteral antibiots (days 14 - 21)
d. Vaccination (erysipelas), targeted antibiotic therapy, parasite control, site-specific factors, management factors

A

a. Cut teeth, give iron, dip navel, cut tail, ear notch, antibiotics (coccidiostats), antiserums

139
Q

Which of the following diseases cause vomiting in neonatal piglets?

a. Colibacillosis and TGE
b. TGE and coccidiosis
c. Coccidiosis and clostridial enteritis
d. Rotavirus and TGE
e. Clostridial enteritis and rotavirus

A

d. Rotavirus and TGE

140
Q

Which pathogen causes edema disease?

a. Clostridia
b. E. coli
c. Rotavirus
d. Salmonella
e. Coccidia

A

b. E. coli [causes edema disease and colibacillosis in weaned pigs]

141
Q

What is the typical market weight and age for pigs?

a. 6 months (~205 days) and 230 – 280 lbs
b. 21 days and 12 – 17 lbs
c. 8 weeks and 40 lbs
d. 3 months and 150 lbs
e. 6 months and 500 lbs

A

a. 6 months (~205 days) and 230 – 280 lbs

142
Q

To do: Herd health day: 1-3

A

Castrate! Iron supplementation, clean naval, ear notch, +/- needle teeth, tail, Abx (coccidiostats), antiserums

143
Q

To do: Herd health day: 7

A

Castrate if not done days 1-3, repeat antitoxin if necessary, make gilt/barrow selection via underline screening; VaxL bordetella, pasteurella, erysipelas; creep feed

144
Q

To do: Herd health day: 14-21

A

Iron if needed, wean/split weaning, vax, parasite control, facility management decisions, Abx (feed/h2O, parenteral)

145
Q

To do: Herd health week 6-8

A

Vax, Abx (target specific/improve feed:gain ratio), parasites, management decisions

Prevention and Production Medicine (4 decks)

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