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Health Assessment > Final: Neuro > Flashcards

Final: Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Includes the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Includes 12pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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3
Q

Postcentral gyrus of parietal

A

primary sensory area

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4
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe; primary motor area

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5
Q

Anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract

A

Contains sensory fibers that transmit sensations of pain, temperature, touch

Burn your finger -> the impulse travels from a nerve ending in the skin through a nerve fiber -> DRG -> dorsal root -> dorsal horn neurons and interneurons

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6
Q

Dorsal Column (posterior) tract

A

Contains sensory fibers that transmit sensations of position (proprioception), 2-point discrimination, light touch, vibration, stereognosis, graphesthesia.

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7
Q

Lower motor neurons

A

Motor fibers located mostly in the peripheral nervous system; from the anterior horn the fiber extends to the muscle. LMN is the “final common pathway.”

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8
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

Motor fibers located completely within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

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9
Q

Dermatomes

A

Area of skin that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve.

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10
Q

Clonus

A

Rapid rhythmic contraction of muscle groups in response to rapid stretch of muscle.

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11
Q

Ataxia

A

Uncoordinated or unsteady gait

hallmark of cerebellar disease

difference b/t cerebellar and sensory? -> sensory look at their feet and slap feet down

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12
Q

Dysmetria

A

Clumsy movement

found w/ EtOH and cerebellar disorders

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13
Q

Neuro subjective data

A

Headache
Head injury
Dizziness/vertigo
Seizures
Tremors
Weakness
Incoordination
Numbness or tingling
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty speaking
Environmental/occupational hazards

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14
Q

Sensations/test for spinothalamic tract

A

pain & temp, crude touch, pressure

sharp & dull sensory test

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15
Q

Sensations/test for dorsal tract

A

proprioception, 2PD, vibration, position, light touch

Romberg, tuning fork, 2PD

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16
Q

Where do the tracts cross over?

A

spinothalamic - grey matter of the cord

dorsal - medulla

17
Q

If only half the cord were damaged what would be the S/S below the level of the lesion for spinothalamic?

A

crosses over -> so contralateral deficits of pain & temp

18
Q

If only half the cord were damaged what would be the S/S below the level of the lesion for dorsal?

A

same side w/in cord -> so ipsilateral deficits of proprioception, vibration, 2PD, etc.

19
Q

A patient has a lesion of the anterior horns on one side only. Describe the motor signs/symptoms.

A

anterior horns = LMN = flaccid paralysis

ipsilateral, flaccid paralysis at level of lesion only (not below entirely bc isn’t effecting the cord)

20
Q

A patient has a lesion that destroyed the corticospinal tract on the right side only. Describe the motor signs and symptoms.

A

tract w/in cord = UMN = spastic paralysis

ipsilateral, spastic paralysis below level of lesion

21
Q

A patient has a lesion in his brain on the right side. Describe motor signs and symptoms.

A

brain = UMN = spastic paralysis

contralateral, spastic paralysis and the part of body impacted depends on location of lesion

could diagnose where lesion is based on motor/sensory maps and noticeable deficits

22
Q

Dermatomes for:
C6
C7
C8

A

C6 - thumb
C7 - digits 2 & 3
C8 - digits 4 & 5

23
Q

Dermatomes for:
T4/5
T10

A

T4/5: nipples
T10: umbilicus

24
Q

Dermatomes for:
L4
L5
S1

A

L4: big toe
L5: middle 3 toes
S1: little toe

25
Q

Cerebellar function tests

A

“coordination is intact bilaterally”

finger-nose, heel to shin, rapid alternating movements

26
Q

Proprioception tests

A

“balance is intact w/ minimal sway” - Romberg

Romberg, position sense, gait

27
Q

Babinski

A

upgoing toe response -> abnormal (UMN lesion)

28
Q

Spinal cord segments responsible for:

bicep reflex
triceps reflex
brachioradialis
patellar
Achilles

A

bicep - C 5-6
triceps - C6-8
brachioradialis - C5-6
patellar - L2-4
Achilles - S1-2

29
Q

stereognosis

A

identify object based on feel

contralateral parietal lobe cortex and posterior dorsal column

30
Q

graphesthesia

A

recognize # or letters written on hand

functional parietal lobe and dorsal column

31
Q

AEIOUTIPS

A

things that might change LOC

Alcohol
Epilepsy/seizures
Insulin
Overdose/O2
Underdose
Trauma
Infection
Poison/psychosis
Shock/stroke

32
Q

decerebrate

A

brain stem - extension
sign of herniation - very poor outcomes

33
Q

decorticate

A

cerebral cortex - flex
better outcomes

34
Q

What 3 things does GCS look at?

A

Eye opening
Verbal response
Motor response

Health Assessment (6 decks)

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