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Health Assessment > Exam 2: HEENT > Flashcards

Exam 2: HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Normocephalic

A

Round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size. Microcephaly, abnormally small head size; macrocephaly, abnormally large head.

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2
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

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3
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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4
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlargement of the lymph nodes

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5
Q

Accommodation

A

Adaptation of the eye for near vision.

This is accomplished by contraction of the
ciliary muscles that causes the elastic lens to
bulge.

not able to accommodate as well - hold reading materials out farther

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6
Q

Convergence

A

Accomplished by the six cardinal fields of gaze; allows for single, binocular vision.

one image

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7
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of light rays from one transparent medium to another.

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

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8
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far-sighted - globe is shorter and light rays would focus behind retina if they could

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9
Q

Diplopia

A

Perception of two images of a single object

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10
Q

Myopia

A

Near-sighted - globe is longer and light rays focus in front of retina

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11
Q

Presbyopia

A

In ability of the lens to accommodate for near vision

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12
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping upper lid

Cranial nerve III w/pupil dilation and EOM paralysis

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13
Q

Lid lag

A

Forward displacement of the eyeballs and widened palpebral fissure.

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14
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size

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15
Q

Miotic

A

Small pupils

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16
Q

Mydriatic

A

Enlarged pupils

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17
Q

Exopthalmous

A

Protruding eyes

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18
Q

Nystagmus

A

Fine, oscillating movement of the eye

19
Q

Strabismus

A

Disparity of the eye exes due to extraocular eye muscle dysfunction; causes inward or outward turning of eyes.

20
Q

Conjugate gaze

A

Parallel movement of the eyes.

21
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of sound without an external source.

22
Q

Vertigo

A

Feeling of spinning of person (subjective vertigo) or of objects around the person (objective vertigo)

23
Q

cranial nerves

A

A set of 12 peripheral nerves emerging from the brain that innervate the structures of the head, neck, thorax and abdomen

24
Q

Visual physiology (pathway)

A

Refraction (clear image), accommodation (lens bulge and curve), pupillary constriction, convergence (extraocular muscles move together)
->
Image formed on retina (reversed, upside down)
–>
Optic Nerve (CNII)
–>
Optic Chiasm
–>
Optic tract
–>
Occipital lobe of brain

25
Q

Physiology (pathway) of hearing

A

Sound Waves
–>
Strike tympanic membrane
–>
Vibrations transmitted through auditory ossicles of ear (malleus, incus, stapes) to oval window
–>
Vibrations travel to cochlea and then to the round window
–>
CN VIII (acoustic)
–>
Brain

26
Q

palpebral fissure

A

distance from upper to lower eyelid

27
Q

lymph nodes of the head and neck

A

Occipital
Postauricular
Preauricular
Submandibular
Submental
Anterior Cervical
Posterior Cervical
Supraclavicular

28
Q

Snellen chart

A

visual acuity test

larger the denominator, worse the vision (20/200 = legally blind w/correction)

numerator - how far it takes the patient
denominator - how far it takes the “normal” eye

29
Q

LR6SO4

A

lateral rectus -> cranial 6
superior oblique -> cranial 4

30
Q

Extraocular Muscle (EOM) Function

A

muscles that track the eye together

innervated by cranial nerve III, IV, & VI
LR6 SO4, all others 3

paralysis of III - ptosis, pupillary dilation, “lazy eye”

31
Q

direct vs consensual reaction to light

A

d: constriction of pupil receiving light

c: constriction of pupil not receiving light

32
Q

Nerves for pupillary light reflex

A

Cranial nerve II & III

33
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

olfactory - sense of smell

not usually testing, but should be checked for someone with no appetite

34
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

optic - central & peripheral vision

Visual acuity - Snellen chart (n = 20/20)

Reaction to light - shine light from side for pupil constriction (n = PERRL, direct & consensual)

35
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor - pupil constriction and looking up & down away from nose

EOM function - 6 cardinal positions of gaze (n = eyes parallel w/o nystagmus)

Reaction to light - shine light from side for pupil constriction (n = PERRL, direct & consensual)

36
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

trochlear - looking down towards nose
SO4 - superior oblique

EOM function - 6 cardinal positions of gaze (n = eyes parallel w/o nystagmus)

37
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal - most of face

sensory perception (sharp/soft) all over face, equal strength for masseter & temporal muscles

38
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

abducens - lateral eye movement
LR6 - lateral rectus

EOM function - 6 cardinal positions of gaze (n = eyes parallel w/o nystagmus)

39
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

facial - facial movements or expression
sensory (taste perception on the tongue)

40
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

acoustic - hearing

Gross hearing test - patient repeats whispered sequence

41
Q

Cranial nerve IX & X

A

glossopharyngeal & vagus - tongue and throat

swallow, gag reflex, and uvula midline

always tested together

42
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

spinal accessory - neck and shoulders

shrug shoulders and turn head w/resistance

43
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal - tongue movement

Speech/tongue strength & movement

Health Assessment (6 decks)

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