Final - molecular testing in Dx of cancer Flashcards
name three diagnostic methods
1) real time PCR
2) DNA sequencing
3) Array
in diagnostic mutation analysis, what is the indicator for a clonal population of B or T cells - PCR technique or capillary-like phoresis
- PCR - a solid band, vs a smear
- phoresis - one peak vs many or curves
what is used to detect HPV and viral pathogens?
- Cobas 4800 system for HPV high volume - nucleic acid isolation
- PCR for head/neck cancers
3 examples of quantitative testing
1) minimal residual disease/tumor burden
2) gene copy number
3) gene expression profiling
what is used for minimal residual disease/tumor burden testing and what is it used for?
CML - initial diagnosis and monitoring therapy?
what is specifically monitored in CML?
- PB values and spleen size
- reduction of Ph+ cells in blood or marrow
- reduction in cells with chromosomal translocation
explain the idea behind personalized medicine
use pharmacogenetic testing to get the right drug early
what was the earliest type of targeted therapy? Examples
- hormonal therapy
- tamoxifen - overexpressed estrogen receptors
- herceptin - when HER-2 gene is amplified
what is EGFR and why is it bad?
- pathogenic cell surface receptor in adenocarcinoma
- growth factor binds to it and initiates a cascade that causes the transcription of more growth factors, some of what promote angiogenesis
what drugs target EGFR?
- monoclonal antibodies – Cetuximab, Panitumumab
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors – Geftinib, Erlotinib
what is used to measure the content of EGFR mutations?
capillary electrophoresis
what are KRAS mutations?
- in 30-50% of all colorectal cancers
- codons 12 and 13, possibly 61
- missense mutations (change in amino acid)
how is a KRAS mutation detected?
- high density microarray
- ion torrent technology
ER
tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors
HER2
trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, pertuzumab
