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Chem I > Final Jeopardy Questions > Flashcards

Final Jeopardy Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator.

A

True

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2
Q

The area between the upper limit of quantitation and the lower limit of quantitation is know as:

A

The linear range

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3
Q

This is the color of visible light seen at 400 nm

A

Violet

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4
Q

This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at 180 degree angle from the incident light.

A

Turbidimetry

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5
Q

Calculate the % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%.

A

33%

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6
Q

This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity.

A

GGT

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7
Q

This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.

A

AST

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8
Q

Which test has greater specificity to liver damage.

A

ALT

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9
Q

What is the order that would be expected to be seen in LD isoenzymes in patient who has had a heart attack.

A

LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

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10
Q

In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.

A

First-order kinetics

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11
Q

The most common secondary structure of a protein is:

A

Alpha helix

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12
Q

Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are:

A

Glycoproteins

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13
Q

This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin

A

Myoglobin

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14
Q

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?

A

Albumin

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15
Q

What protein is a negative acute phase reactant?

A

Transferrin

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16
Q

What test serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

A

Creatinine

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17
Q

Plasma creatinine levels are not affected by:

A

Dietary intake of protein

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18
Q

Individuals with gout often are seen to have elevated levels of this:

A

Uric acid

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19
Q

What is the pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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20
Q

The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is:

A

Jaffe reaction

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21
Q

This test may be used to assess nutritional status

A

Prealbumin

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22
Q

This is a disease which can occur as a result of severe protein and calorie deficiency

A

Marasmus

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23
Q

What is an energy source utilized by muscles?

A

Creatine phosphate

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24
Q

In the stomach _____ break down proteins into peptides.

A

Pepsin

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25
Q

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:

Urine creat: 87 mg/dL Plasma creat: 3.2 mg/dL

Urine vol/24 hrs: 810 mL Patient BSA: 1.92

A

13.7

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26
Q

This type of diabetes is noted to have insulin resistance with an insulin secretory defect due to progressive loss of adequate beta cell insulin secretion.

A

Type 2

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27
Q

What is the renal threshold for glucose?

A

180 mg/dL

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28
Q

How many samples are collected for a three hour GTT?

A

Four

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29
Q

What is defined as “breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy”

A

Glycogenolysis

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30
Q

What is the most common method of measuring glucose?

A

Hexokinase

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31
Q

What is the type of lipoprotein that is known to contribute to plaque formation?

A

LDL

32
Q

What type of triglycerides are typically solid at room temperature

A

Saturated

33
Q

High levels of which lipoprotein class is associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?

A

HDL

34
Q

Which is the type of lipoprotein that contains the apolipoprotein Apo B48?

A

Chylomicrons

35
Q

Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides>

A

VLDL

36
Q

What is a rare disease of water and salt imbalance?

A

Diabetes insipidus

37
Q

What is the major extracellular cation?

A

Sodium

38
Q

This cation is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and second most abundant intracellularly.

A

Magnesium

39
Q

Calculate the osmol gap.

Na: 140

Glu: 62

BUN: 35

Measured omso: 300

A

5

40
Q

Calculate the anion gap.

Na: 135 K:4.0

Cl: 94 HCO3: 28

A

17

41
Q

A decrease in H+ ions, an increase in pH, and increase in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

42
Q

What is the incremental fraction of oxygen at sea level?

A

21%

43
Q

What is the gas content of pO2 in arterial circulation?

A

90 mmHg

44
Q

What type of hemoglobin is unable to bind O2 because iron is in an oxidized rather than a reduced state?

A

Methemoglobin (MetHb)

45
Q

What kind of measurement device is used to measure actual percent oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and typically has 4 wavelengths?

A

CO-oximeters

46
Q

Which type of pancreatic cell produces glucagon

A

Alpha cells

47
Q

What lipid test would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

A

Triglycerides

48
Q

Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average glucose for what time period?

A

4-8 weeks

49
Q

What electrolyte is essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients?

A

Calcium

50
Q

What is the interpretation of these blood gas results?pH: 7.54 (7.35-7.45)

CO2: 38 (35-45)

HCO3: 34 (22-29)

A

Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

51
Q

T/F Decreases CSF glucose levels can indicate acute bacterial meningitis

A

True

52
Q

What term is used to describe the collection method of pleural fluid?

A

Thoracentesis

53
Q

Monosodium urate crystals are seen in the synovial fluid with what disease state?

A

Gout

54
Q

What test can be performed to determine if the fluid coming from a patient’s nose is sinus or spinal fluid?

A

Beta-transferrin

55
Q

CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?

A

0.5-1.0%

56
Q

Name 2 factors that influence drug concentrations and efficacy.

A

age, gender, genetics, diet, co-administered drugs, naturopathic agents

57
Q

Weak bases are absorbed in the _____

A

intestine

58
Q

Changes in concentration of this protein affects free vs bound drugs.

A

Albumin

59
Q

If you have a result for a total phenytoin of 11 ug/mL, what would an approximate value be for the free fraction?

A

1.1 ug/mL

10% free, 90% bound

60
Q

This is the biochemical pathway responsible for a large portion of drug metabolism.

A

Hepatic mixed-function oxidase system (MFO)

61
Q

What lipophilic drug is also known as “angel dust”

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

62
Q

What type of drugs are used to treat depression and mood disorders and are named for their chemical structure?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

63
Q

Positive drug screens for this type of substance has wide cross-reactivity with common OTC medications.

A

Amphetamines/Methamphetamines

64
Q

If a person consumes alcohol at the same time as taking this drug, there is a higher risk of hepatic damage

A

Acetaminophen

65
Q

This toxin is found in solid, liquid, and in solution. It binds to heme iron and high lactic levels are common.

A

Cyanide

66
Q

This tumor marker is often elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors.

A

alpha fetoprotein (AFP)

67
Q

Which tumor marker has both free and bound forms that can be measured to help assist in risk stratification?

A

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

68
Q

Elevated levels of this tumor marker post treatment for ovarian cancer indicates a poor prognosis.

A

CA-125

69
Q

This test is not actually cleared by the FDA as a tumor marker even though there is widespread use of it as one.

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

70
Q

This tumor marker is primarily used for ovarian cancer and has improved specificity over CA-125

A

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4)

71
Q

What CSF collection tube should chemistries be performed on?

A

Tube 1

72
Q

What is the generic term for aspirin?

A

Acetylsalicylic acid

73
Q

This potent inhibitor of many enzymes may cause basophilic stippling in RBCs.

A

Lead

74
Q

Drugs that can easily cross cell membranes to enter cells and lipid compartments are considered _____

A

highly hydrophobic

75
Q

This tumor marker is a modified Lewis blood group antigen.

A

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)

Chem I (14 decks)

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