Exam 2 Review Questions Flashcards
High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?
HDL
What lipid result would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?
Triglyceride
Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of ___
Chylomicrons
The function of the major lipid components of the very-low density lipoproteins is to transport ___
Endogenous triglycerides
A pregnant patient with a fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is given a 3 hour glucose tolerance test the next day with a 100 gram glucose load. The results are as follows:
Fasting: 98 mg/dL
1-hr: 190 mg/dL
2-hr: 162 mg/dL
3-hr: 132 mg/dL
What is the patient’s diagnosis?
Gestational diabetes
A diabetic patient comes into the doctor’s office with a fasting blood sugar of 192 mg/dL and a HbA1c value of 14%. Based on these results, what statement best describes the patient:
Diabetes mellitus is managed
Diabetes mellitus is not managed
Values not indicative of diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is not managed
Of the following glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?
32 mg/dL
193 mg/dL
162 mg/dL
172 mg/dL
193 mg/dL
What is the diabetic condition formed when a person’s own immune system destroys the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in impaired production of insulin.
Type I diabetes
CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?
0.5-1.0%
A patient goes to the ER with increased fluid retention in the chest and complains of pain when taking a breath (pleuisy). The doctor removes fluid from the chest and it reveals increased white and red cell counts, low protein, and has a notably odor.
What procedure was utilized to extract the fluid and what type of fluid resulted from the extraction?
Thorocentesis was the procedure and exudate was the fluid
A cloudy synovial fluid with a WBC count of 150,000, no viscosity, and monosodium urate crystals noted is consistent with what process?
Crystal induced
Which of the following conditions is associated with the formation of an exudate?
Pneumonia
What electrolyte is essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients?
Calcium
A patient presents to the ER with severe dehydration, dilute urine production, and constant “thirst” sensation. It is revealed that the patient had recently (1 week ago) fallen off a ladder and suffered trauma to the head. Given this information, what lab test should be performed?
ADH/AVP
(anti-diuretic hormone/arginine vasopressin)
Same hormone
What is the second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid?
Bicarbonate
Of the total serum osmolality; sodium, chloride, and bicarb normally contribute what percent?
92%
What is the best interpretation of the following results?
pH=7.33 (7.35-7.45)
CO2= 27 (35-45)
HCO3= 14 (22-29)
Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
Which parameter on a blood gas analysis is calculated instead of being directly measured.
HCO3
Calculated using the HH equation
pH, pO2, pCO2 are directly measured NOT calculated
T/F:
The unique structure of hemoglobin allows it to act as both an acid-base buffer and O2 buffer.
TRUE
An increase in H+ ions, a decrease in pH, and a decrease in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?
Metabolic Acidosis
What is the reference range for a fasting glucose?
70-99 mg/dL
What HA1C would best correlate with an estimated average glucose of 126mg/dL?
6%
___ is the most abundant cation in the EC fluid and determines the osmolality of plasma
Sodium
What is the expected pO2 mmHg in arterial circulation?
90 mmHg
Hyaluronidase is added to what fluid prior to analysis?
Synovial
Which does not describe phospholipids?
a. Hydrophilic head groups
b. Unsaturated steroid alcohol
c. Amphipathic
d. Synthesized in all organs
Unsaturated steroid alcohol
CSF electrophoresis is used for the diagnosis of?
Multiple Sclerosis
The conversion of glucose, and other hexoses, into lactate and pyruvate for the production of energy is called ___
Glycolysis
Which lipoprotein has the job of transporting exogenous triglycerides?
Chylomicron
Which of the following criteria would not be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
a. A random glucose of 230 mg/dL
b. A hemoglobin A1c result of 11.1%
c. A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL
d. 2-hour post glucose load of 444 gm/dL
A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL
Which type of tube cannot be used to run electrolytes on?
Lavender
Looking at the lipoprotein analysis determine the type of analysis of the patient:
TC = 250 mg/dL
LDL = 170 mg/dL
HDL = 55 mg/dL
Trig = 505 mg/dL
High analysis
An increase in H+, a decrease in pH, and an increase pCO2 indicate which disorder?
Respiratory acidosis
A patient has a glucose of 140 mg/dL, what would be their expected CSF glucose result?
92 mg/dL
Which is not a hormone that helps regulate calcium?
a. PTH
b. Vitamin D
c. Calcitonin
d. AVP
AVP
What is the ratio of HCO3:H2CI3 that implies full compensation has occurred?
20:1
Use the following information to caluclate the patients LDL result:
HDL = 70 mg/dL
Trig = 100 mg/dL
TC = 200 mg/dL
110 mg/dL
This is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactate
Function of this electrolyte includes: ICF volume, contraction of the heart, and hydrogen ion concentration
Potassium
___ is a non-reducing sugar
Sucrose
Which tube for CSF collection is typically used for chemistry testing?
Tube 1
A buffer consists of a ___ and a salt of its conjugate base
Weak acid
TP in CSF represents what % of that of plasma?
0.5-1%
Lipids are composed mainly of these types of bonds
C-H
What is the normal range for pH?
7.35-7.45
What is the index value of CSF to serum albumin that indicates an intact blood-brain barrier?
<9
