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Chem I > Exam 2 Review Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?

A

HDL

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2
Q

What lipid result would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

A

Triglyceride

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3
Q

Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of ___

A

Chylomicrons

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4
Q

The function of the major lipid components of the very-low density lipoproteins is to transport ___

A

Endogenous triglycerides

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5
Q

A pregnant patient with a fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is given a 3 hour glucose tolerance test the next day with a 100 gram glucose load. The results are as follows:

Fasting: 98 mg/dL

1-hr: 190 mg/dL

2-hr: 162 mg/dL

3-hr: 132 mg/dL

What is the patient’s diagnosis?

A

Gestational diabetes

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6
Q

A diabetic patient comes into the doctor’s office with a fasting blood sugar of 192 mg/dL and a HbA1c value of 14%. Based on these results, what statement best describes the patient:

Diabetes mellitus is managed

Diabetes mellitus is not managed

Values not indicative of diabetes mellitus

A

Diabetes mellitus is not managed

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7
Q

Of the following glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?

32 mg/dL

193 mg/dL

162 mg/dL

172 mg/dL

A

193 mg/dL

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8
Q

What is the diabetic condition formed when a person’s own immune system destroys the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in impaired production of insulin.

A

Type I diabetes

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9
Q

CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?

A

0.5-1.0%

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10
Q

A patient goes to the ER with increased fluid retention in the chest and complains of pain when taking a breath (pleuisy). The doctor removes fluid from the chest and it reveals increased white and red cell counts, low protein, and has a notably odor.

What procedure was utilized to extract the fluid and what type of fluid resulted from the extraction?

A

Thorocentesis was the procedure and exudate was the fluid

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11
Q

A cloudy synovial fluid with a WBC count of 150,000, no viscosity, and monosodium urate crystals noted is consistent with what process?

A

Crystal induced

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12
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with the formation of an exudate?

A

Pneumonia

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13
Q

What electrolyte is essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

A patient presents to the ER with severe dehydration, dilute urine production, and constant “thirst” sensation. It is revealed that the patient had recently (1 week ago) fallen off a ladder and suffered trauma to the head. Given this information, what lab test should be performed?

A

ADH/AVP

(anti-diuretic hormone/arginine vasopressin)

Same hormone

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15
Q

What is the second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid?

A

Bicarbonate

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16
Q

Of the total serum osmolality; sodium, chloride, and bicarb normally contribute what percent?

A

92%

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17
Q

What is the best interpretation of the following results?

pH=7.33 (7.35-7.45)

CO2= 27 (35-45)

HCO3= 14 (22-29)

A

Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation

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18
Q

Which parameter on a blood gas analysis is calculated instead of being directly measured.

A

HCO3

Calculated using the HH equation

pH, pO2, pCO2 are directly measured NOT calculated

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19
Q

T/F:
The unique structure of hemoglobin allows it to act as both an acid-base buffer and O2 buffer.

A

TRUE

20
Q

An increase in H+ ions, a decrease in pH, and a decrease in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

21
Q

What is the reference range for a fasting glucose?

A

70-99 mg/dL

22
Q

What HA1C would best correlate with an estimated average glucose of 126mg/dL?

A

6%

23
Q

___ is the most abundant cation in the EC fluid and determines the osmolality of plasma

A

Sodium

24
Q

What is the expected pO2 mmHg in arterial circulation?

A

90 mmHg

25
Q

Hyaluronidase is added to what fluid prior to analysis?

A

Synovial

26
Q

Which does not describe phospholipids?

a. Hydrophilic head groups

b. Unsaturated steroid alcohol

c. Amphipathic

d. Synthesized in all organs

A

Unsaturated steroid alcohol

27
Q

CSF electrophoresis is used for the diagnosis of?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

28
Q

The conversion of glucose, and other hexoses, into lactate and pyruvate for the production of energy is called ___

A

Glycolysis

29
Q

Which lipoprotein has the job of transporting exogenous triglycerides?

A

Chylomicron

30
Q

Which of the following criteria would not be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?

a. A random glucose of 230 mg/dL

b. A hemoglobin A1c result of 11.1%

c. A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL

d. 2-hour post glucose load of 444 gm/dL

A

A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL

31
Q

Which type of tube cannot be used to run electrolytes on?

A

Lavender

32
Q

Looking at the lipoprotein analysis determine the type of analysis of the patient:

TC = 250 mg/dL
LDL = 170 mg/dL
HDL = 55 mg/dL
Trig = 505 mg/dL

A

High analysis

33
Q

An increase in H+, a decrease in pH, and an increase pCO2 indicate which disorder?

A

Respiratory acidosis

34
Q

A patient has a glucose of 140 mg/dL, what would be their expected CSF glucose result?

A

92 mg/dL

35
Q

Which is not a hormone that helps regulate calcium?

a. PTH

b. Vitamin D

c. Calcitonin

d. AVP

A

AVP

36
Q

What is the ratio of HCO3:H2CI3 that implies full compensation has occurred?

A

20:1

37
Q

Use the following information to caluclate the patients LDL result:

HDL = 70 mg/dL
Trig = 100 mg/dL
TC = 200 mg/dL

A

110 mg/dL

38
Q

This is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?

A

Lactate

39
Q

Function of this electrolyte includes: ICF volume, contraction of the heart, and hydrogen ion concentration

A

Potassium

40
Q

___ is a non-reducing sugar

A

Sucrose

41
Q

Which tube for CSF collection is typically used for chemistry testing?

A

Tube 1

42
Q

A buffer consists of a ___ and a salt of its conjugate base

A

Weak acid

43
Q

TP in CSF represents what % of that of plasma?

A

0.5-1%

44
Q

Lipids are composed mainly of these types of bonds

A

C-H

45
Q

What is the normal range for pH?

A

7.35-7.45

46
Q

What is the index value of CSF to serum albumin that indicates an intact blood-brain barrier?

A

<9

Chem I (14 decks)

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