Exam 3 Review Questions Flashcards
Which of the following statements is not true concerning testing for drugs of abuse?
a) A two-tired testing approach includes screening and confirmatory testing
b) Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity
c) Screening tests detect classes of drugs
d) GC-MS is the reference method used for confirmation
Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity
T/F:
Common routes of exposure to toxins are through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin.
TRUE
Which of the following is not true concerning analysis of toxic agents?
Correct answer:
a) Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity
b) Confirmatory tests report the concentration of the analyte
c) Screening tests are a rapid test intended to detect the presence of a substance
d) The reference method for most compounds is gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS_
Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity
Toxic levels of acetaminophen are associated with
Hepatotoxicity
Pharmacokinetics and drug concentration are influenced by which of the following factors?
Absorption, distribution, excretion, metabolism
A drug’s most direct and effective method of delivery to its site of action is:
Intravenous administration
A blood draw to determine a peak level of a drug should be drawn:
One hour after an orally administered dose
T/F:
Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme that influences the effectiveness of a drug in an individual.
TRUE
Tumor marker methodology include all of the following except:
a) Immunoassays
b) Gas chromatography
c) Immunohistochemistry
d) Enzyme analysis
Gas chromatography
Which of the following tumor markers is classified as an oncofetal antigen?
Correct answer:
a) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
b) CA 19-9
c) BRCA-1
d) hCG
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Which tumor marker is associated with neuroblastoma?
a) CA-15-3
b) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
c) CA 125
d) Homovanillic acid (HVA)
Homovanillic acid (HVA)
T/F:
Abnormally low tumor marker concentrations are associated with antigen deficiency and can cause false negative results
FALSE
What is the major transporter of drugs
Albumin
The phenomenon in which a drug is metabolized and results in a reduced concentration of the drug before reaching the circulatory system
First Pass Effect
The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of actions:
Pharmacodynamics
This tumor marker is often measured in both total and free form
PSA
The concentration range of a drug within which the drug produces the desired effect
Therapeutic range
This tumor marker is primarily used as a marker for ovarian cancer
CA-125
This is found as a contaminant of homemade liquors and can cause optic neuropathy
Methanol
This is a significant environmental pollutant and is easily taken up by crops – especially tobacco
Cadmium
This is a cardioactive drug that is used to treat arrythmias and CHF. Biotin is known to interfere with this test
Digoxin
The most direct and effective route of administration of a drug
IV
This is a common malignant tumor in kids associated with high levels of plasma, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
Neuroblastoma
This test is used along with hCG to classify nonseminomatous tumor
AFP
This is a kind of testing method that can be performed on solid tissue tumor markers
Immunohistochemistry
The predicted dose that would produce a toxic response in 50% of the population
TD50
This may occur when analyte concentrations exceed the analytical range excessively
Hook Effect
This drug is the hepatic metabolite of procainamide
NAPA
The study of the movement of drugs in the body
Pharmacokinetics
This drug commonly is tested for both the total and free forms
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Endogenous substances biologically synthesized either in living cells or in microorganisms
Toxins
This method of analysis of toxic agent has good sensitivity but lacks specificity
Screening
These types of tumor markers are valuable in diagnosing neuroblastomas, pituitary and adrenal adenomas
Endocrine Tumor Markers
This tumor marker is the prototypical oncofetal antigen and is used for monitoring colorectal cancer
CEA
Uses the results from animal experiments to predict what level of exposure will cause harm to humans
Descriptive Toxicology
This is a metal with 3 forms, one of which is liquid at room temp
Mercury
This is a useful system to compare relative toxicities of substances as the predicted endpoint is death
Dose-Response Relationship
B-macroglobulin and immunoglobulins are part of this group of tumor markers
Serum Protein Tumor
Chemicals and drugs that are not normally found in or produced by the body
Xenobiotics
“Trace Element Free”
Royal Blue top tube
This is an example of something that can have significant interference in immunoassays by cross-linking with the capture/label antibody
HAMAs
This drug is ototoxic enough that it is recommended that baseline audiology testing is performed
Tobramycin
This type of tumor marker can help to choose between endocrine and cytotoxic therapies
Receptor Tumor Marker
