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Radiology > Final: Jan 6 - Rad Techniques, bitewings, paralleling. Justin's Cards for Final > Flashcards

Final: Jan 6 - Rad Techniques, bitewings, paralleling. Justin's Cards for Final Flashcards

1
Q

When should you double wipe the whole tube head and arm and both collimators?

A

Before bringing the patient into a room.

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2
Q

To set up the room you should cover the following surfaces:

A

• Cover the chair, computer and mouse • Cover the exposure control box with cling wrap

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3
Q

True or False

As part of the room set up you should:

  • Double wipe all counter surfaces and put a tray paper down beside the sink.
  • Open a bagged instrument cassette and place one half on the paper and the other half on the cassette paper on the shelf beside the computer
  • Carefully wipe the sensor(s) and cord with Cavicide wipes and place plastic covers.
  • Assemble the holder and sensor for the first image and rest on cassette. Store the sensor in this manner throughout the exam.
A

True

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4
Q

Where should you place a comtaminated sensor, and where should you avoid placing it?

A

Never put a contaminated sensor back in the wall dock, leave it balanced in the cassette. Never put a soiled/used/ plastic covered sensor back into the wall dock!

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5
Q

Before an exposure, you should ask the patient to remove these 4 items:

A
  • Removable appliances
  • Eyeglasses
  • Most dentures
  • Piercings in radiographic field
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6
Q

True or false, a lead apron is placed on only patients with thyroid disorders.

A

False, A lead apron and thyroid collar are placed on all patients

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7
Q

When should radiographs be taken of a pregnant patient?

A. Only within the 1st Trimester

B. Only within the 3rd Trimester

C. After the Pregnancy ends

D. Only in cases with a specific diagnostic emergency

E. A, C, and D

F. C & D

G. B & C

A

F. C & D

• Pregnant?
The unborn child is very sensitive to ionizing radiation.

Limit radiographic examination during pregnancy to cases with a specific diagnostic emergency.

Use a lead apron and thyroid collar

Postpone non urgent radiographs until the pregnancy ends.

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8
Q

Should the patient’s chair be positioned so it is comfortable for them or for you?

A

For you

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9
Q

For maxillary views the head is positioned so

that the ___-_____ line is parallel with the floor

A

Ala-Tragus (in blue, the ear canal to nose)

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10
Q

For mandibular views the head is tipped slightly backwards to ensure that the ________ ________ plane is parallel with the floor

A

mandibular occlusal

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11
Q

True or False:

The “true long axis” of the tooth is shown on the left, and the “apparent long axis” of the tooth is shown on the right.

A

False, the “true long axis” is on the right, and the “apparent long axis” is on the left.

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12
Q

________ angulations of the PID =(+) angulations

A

Downward

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13
Q

_________ angulations of the PID=(-) angulations

A

Upward

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14
Q

When too shallow a vertical angulation is used the tooth appears:

A. Elongated

B. Foreshortened

A

A. Elongated

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15
Q

When too steep a vertical angulation is used the tooth appears:

A. Elongated

B. Foreshortened

C. Like a Boss

A

B. Foreshortened

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16
Q

The horizontal angulation of the x-ray beam should be directed through the contacts of the teeth, improper horizontal angulation causes ________.

A

Overlap (of the interproximal surfaces of the teeth)

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17
Q

A “____-___” will occur if the beam of radiation does not completely cover the receptor.

A

“Cone-Cut”

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18
Q

Rectangular collimators increase the likelihood of a “____-___” but reduce the radiation exposure by __%.

A

“Cone-Cut”, 80%

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19
Q

True or False: A collimator is not used for occlusal views, bitewings with tabs, and bisecting angle periapical technique.

A

True

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20
Q

Which side of the plastic cover over the PSP plate receives the exposure and faces the tube head- the source of the x-rays?

A

The completely black side

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21
Q

True or False: PSP plates are a one time use film

A

False, they can be used 100+ times.

22
Q

PSP plates are especially useful in what scenarios?

A. Kids

B. Patients who are wussies

C. Patients with shallow palates

D. Patients with a shallow floor of mouth

E. Patients with tori

F. All of the above

A

F. All of the above (except maybe the wussy one) “They are particularly useful for kids, patients with shallow palates, shallow floor of mouth, tori.”

23
Q

What are the three types of image receptors?

A

3 types of Image receptor:

  • Film: One use only: Expose and process.(no longer used at U of A)
  • Digital ‘Direct’ sensor: Multiple use. Expose, instant image, rearm software, and use again
  • Digital ‘PSP’ sensor: Multiple use. Expose, then scan, automatically erases and use again
24
Q

Extra-oral images refer to _________ radiographs and _______ _____radiographs?

A

Panoramic, Lateral Skull

-Panoramic Radiograph:

Indications: Overall evaluation, to assess 8’s, Mixed dentition, Edentulous, and Trismus

-Lateral skull Radiograph:

Indications: To assess arch relationships

25
Q

Periapicals, bitewings, and occlusal radiographs are classified as _____-____ radiographs.

A

Intra-oral

26
Q

Which two techniques are used to take periapical images?

A. Paralleling and Orthoganal angle techniques

B. Bisecting angle and Perpendicular techniques

C. Paralleling and Bisecting angle techniques

A

C. Paralleling and Bisecting angle techniques

27
Q

True or False

The bitewing intra-oral radiograph can be taken vertically and horizontally.

A

True

28
Q

Indications for bitewing radiographs:

RIP PP

(See answer card for acronym)

A

Indications for bitewing radiographs include:

Assessing existing Restorations

Interproximal caries detection (particularly early lesions)

Progression of caries monitoring

Periodontal status assessment (crestal and alveolar bone level)

Probing depths exceed 6mm and advanced bone loss suspected

29
Q

The receptor size used for adult bitewing radiographs is size:

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

A

C. size 2

30
Q

The receptor size used for bitewing radiographs in kids is size:

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

E. 1 or 2

A

E. size 1 or 2

Size 1 if 2nd molars not erupted or size 2 if 2nd molars erupted.

31
Q

When taking a bitewing with a direct sensor, the sensor disposible adhesive block should be positioned:

A. Stick it slightly more towards the mandibular teeth so that the maxillary bone level is seen

B. Stick it slightly more towards the maxillary teeth so that the mandibular bone level is seen

A

A. Stick it slightly more towards the mandibular teeth so that the maxillary bone level is seen

32
Q

If a patient has all of their permanent teeth, how many bitewings are taken of the posterior teeth?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 8

A

B. 4

If a patient has all their permanent posterior teeth, we often need a premolar and molar horizontal bitewing on each side (4 bitewings total). Why? To see all the interproximal contacts on molar and premolar teeth and distal surfaces of the 8’s

33
Q

In order to obtain the distal of the canine on premolar images, solid sensors are positioned differently than PSP plates or Film in that PSP plates and film are placed _________ and equidistant to the premolars and Solid Sensors are placed at an ______ ______ towards the other arch.

A

Parallel, Acute Angle

34
Q

True or false:

Advantages of receptor holders are that they are simple, hold the film/receptor firmly in place, determine the BID position, and help to avoid cone cutting.

A

True

35
Q

Disadvantages of receptor holders include:

A. Patient discomfort

B. Expense

C. Breakages

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above (Patient discomfort, Expense, and Breakages)

36
Q

Advantages of bitewings with tabs include all except:

A. Simple

B. Inexpensive

C. Easy to use for kids

D. If you use them, all of your wildest dreams will come true.

A

D. If you use them, all of your wildest dreams will come true.

This is a falsehood.

37
Q

All of the following are draw backs of using bitewings with tabs except:

A. Operator dependent

B. Not as reproducible as holder technique

C. Receptor can be displaced by tongue

D. They stick to the inside of the patient’s cheek

E. Common errors such as cone cutting

A

D. They stick to the inside of the patient’s cheek

(This is not a drawback, it doesn’t actually happen.)

38
Q

When taking a bitewing radiograph with tabs the vertical angulation should be +__-__°, meaning the tubehead should be pointing downward at that angle.

A

+5-8° (above the horizontal plane). The tubehead should be pointing down at an angle of +5-8°.

39
Q

XCP technique, used for periapical radiographs, stands for what?

A

Extended Cone Paralleling technique.

40
Q

The preferred techinque for seeing the periapical areas of the teeth is:

A. Paralleling Technique (XCP)

B. Bisecting Angle Technique

A

A. Paralleling Technique (XCP)

41
Q

The most accurate techinque for seeing the periapical areas of the teeth is:

A. Paralleling Technique (XCP)

B. Bisecting Angle Technique

A

A. Paralleling Technique (XCP)

42
Q

Indications for Pariapical (PA) radiographs:

U R PATI

A

Unerupted teeth (assessing presence and postion)

Root morphology/endodontic assessment

Periodontal Status assessment

Apical infection/inflammation/pathology detection

Trauma to teeth and surrounding bone (assessment)

Implant evaluation

43
Q

3 things we look for in periapical radiographs include which of the following:

I. Need to see 2-3mm around each root apex

II. Look for intact lamina dura

III. Look for uniform width of periodontal membrane space

IV. Look for pocket depth

A. I, II, & III B. II, III, & IV C. I, II, & IV D. I, III, & IV

A

A. I, II, & III

I. Need to see 2-3mm around each root apex

II. Look for intact lamina dura

III. Look for uniform width of periodontal membrane space

44
Q

In the __________ technique, the receptor is placed parallel to the long axes of the teeth being radiographed and the beam from the tubehead perpendicular to the long axes of the teeth being radiographed.

A

paralleling

45
Q

True or False:

Due to the slope of the palate and the shape of the dental arches, for the receptor to be parallel with the long axis of the tooth, it is placed some distance from the lingual/palatal side of the tooth.

A

True

Also

• This increased distance from the tooth would cause image magnification so to limit this magnification, a long spacer cone (BID) is used to increase the focal spot to skin distance. This ensures that only the most parallel x-rays hit the receptor.

46
Q
A
47
Q

Paralelling technique receptor holders consist of what three parts?

A
  1. Receptor holder, 2. Metal aiming rod, and 3. ring (beam aiming device)
48
Q

Why is it important to “put the dot in the slot” when taking a periapical image?

A

The orientation dot on the film, if not oriented so that it is in the slot, will appear superimposed near the tooth apex (the area of interest) and mimic pathology. It should be oriented so the dot appears near the crown of the tooth, by putting the dot in the slot.

49
Q

In the paralleling technique, for incisors and canines use a size __ receptor and for premolars and molars use a size __ receptor.

A

1, 2.

50
Q

A full mouth series (FMS) or complete mouth radiographic series (CMRS) consists of 15 __________ radiographs and 4 __________ radiographs.

A

15 Periapical, 4 bitewing

51
Q

All except which of the following are advantages of the parelleling technique?

A. Radiation exposure is less than bisecting angle technique

B. Receptor holder and ring makes beam alignment easy

C. Better dimensional accuracy than bisecting angle technique

D. Easier to reproduce same view

E. Patient’s head position isn’t critical

A

A. Radiation exposure is less than bisecting angle technique

This is not true. I made it up.

52
Q

The two main disadvantages of the __________ technique include:

A. Uncomfortable for the patient

B. Shallow, flat palates, tori, small mouths (especially kids) can make the technique impossible.

A

Paralleling

Radiology (13 decks)

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