Final - Intelligence and Ability Testing (Ch. 10) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of tests of general mental ability?

A
  • individual tests (intelligence tests, Stanford-Binet, Wechsler)
  • group tests (more specific mental abilities, GRE, SAT, etc)
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2
Q

Who was the first to try to measure differences in intellectual capacities? What did he attribute these differences to?

A
  • Francis Galton
  • attributable to diffs in sensation and perception abilities
  • human abilities have a normal distribution
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3
Q

Who created the first practical intelligence test? How did he characterize intelligence?

A
  • Alfred Binet
  • goal to identify kids w special needs
  • intelligence comprised of complex mental acts (ex imagination, reasoning, memory, motor skills)
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4
Q

What 7 aspects of intelligence were measured by Binet’s test?

A
  • memory
  • general knowledge
  • abstract reasoning
  • attention
  • comprehension
  • coordination
  • visual judgement
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5
Q

Who introduced the concept of mental age?

A

Binet!

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6
Q

What were the 4 categories defined by cutoff scores in Binet’s tests?

A
  • idiot, imbecile, moron, normal
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7
Q

(T/F) Binet’s tests didn’t really measure anything

A

FALSE, achieved his goals!

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8
Q

What was introduced when Binet’s test was brought to US and became Stanford-Binet?

A
  • Intelligence Quotient Ratio (IQ)
  • IQ = (MA/CA) x 100
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9
Q

What were the 3 scores in Wechsler’s original 1939 test? WHat concept did he introduce?

A
  • full scale IQ, verbal IQ, perceptual IQ (and subtest scores)
  • introduced deviation IQ (scores should have similar statistical properties and same meaning at diff ages)
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10
Q

What was the issue with IQ scores as measured by Terman?

A
  • score did not represent same relative position at diff ages
  • maximum mental age of 18 messes w formula
  • SD at diff ages were diff so same scores meant diff things
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11
Q

What was Spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence?

A
  • performance on intelligence tests consist of 2 components: general variance (g-factor) and specific variance (s-factor)
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12
Q

How did Cattell-Horn characterize intelligence? What theory did they dispute?

A
  • disputed existence of g-factor
  • fluid intelligence (problem solving, declines w age)
  • crystallized intelligence (knowledge from experience)
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13
Q

What was John Carroll’s three stratum theory of intelligence?

A
  • hierarchical model
  • Stratum III: broad cognitive ability (g)
  • Stratum II: general ability factors (eg fluid reasoning)
  • Stratum I: narrowly defined cognitive abilities
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14
Q

The WISC contains __ primary subtests and __ index scores

A

10; 5

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15
Q

What are the 5 index scores of the WISC?

A
  • verbal comprehension
  • visual spatial
  • fluid reasoning
  • working memory
  • processing speed
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16
Q

How can we categorize the WISC according to Carroll’s three stratum theory?

A
  • Stratum III: FSIQ
  • Stratum II: index scores
  • Stratum I: subtests
17
Q

What 5 aspects are WISC norms based on?

A
  • age
  • sex
  • race/ethnicity
  • parent education level
  • geographic region
18
Q

What is the mean and SD for WISC scores for:
- FSIQ:
- Index scores:
- Subtest scaled scores:

A
  • FSIQ: M = 100, SD = 15
  • Index scores: M = 100, SD = 15
  • Subtest scaled scores: M = 10, SD = 3
19
Q

What are the qualitative descriptions for the 7 groups of index scores on the WISC?

A
  • 130+: Very superior
  • 120-129: Superior
  • 110-119: High average
  • 90-109: Average
  • 80-89: Low average
  • 70-79: Borderline
  • 69-: Extremely low
20
Q

What reliability evidence do we have for the WISC?

A
  • internal consistency .84-.97
  • test-retest for indexes .79-.92
  • inter-rater reliability for subtests .98-.99
21
Q

What does factor analysis tell us about the FSIQ of the WISC?

A
  • 4-5 factors is best
  • matches theory so evidence for validity
22
Q

What validity evidence do we have for the FSIQ of the WISC?

A
  • internal structure as predicted
  • good convergent validity
  • good criterion validity
23
Q
A