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DAS VN > FINAL- Human Body > Flashcards

FINAL- Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

what is the study of body STRUCTURE?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

what is the study of body FUNCTION?

A

Physiology

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3
Q

what is the study of disease process and disorder?

A

Pathophysiology

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4
Q

what is the study of structure and composition of matter produced by chemical reactions?

A

Chemistry

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5
Q

what is a pathological condition resulting from various causes such as an infection in genetics, environmental stressors, or toxins?

A

Disease

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6
Q

what is the act of identifying the nature and cause of a disease or injury through assessment of patient history, physical exam, and review of laboratory?

A

Diagnosis

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7
Q

what is the physical and emotional equilibrium the ability of the body to maintain relative stability. It is a normal body function despite constant change.

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

what is the smallest living unit of structure in the body?

A

Cells

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9
Q

what are groups of cells similar in function and structure?

A

Tissues

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10
Q

what are the levels of organization?

A
  • Chemical level
  • Cellular level
  • Tissue level
  • Organ level
  • Organ system level
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11
Q

what is tissue that is arranged and formed in groups for special function with similar cells?

A

Organs

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12
Q

what are organs grouped together called?

A

A system

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13
Q

what are the four types of tissue called?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Nerve
  • Muscle
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14
Q

what are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Sensation
  • Communication
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15
Q

what is the integumentary system made up of?

A
  • Skin
  • Nails
  • Hair
  • Sweat & oil glands
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16
Q

what are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Motion
  • Movements
  • Protection
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17
Q

what is the musculoskeletal system made up of?

A
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
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18
Q

what are the main functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Communication throughout the body
  • Regulation of homeostasis
  • Sensory input
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19
Q

what is the nervous system made up of?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Cranial nerves
  • Spinal nerves
  • Eyes
  • Ears
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20
Q

what is the main function of the endocrine system?

A

Makes and regulates hormones

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21
Q

what is made up of the endocrine system?

A

Hormones and Glands

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22
Q

what are all the glands?

A
  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal
  • Pineal
  • Gonads
  • Pancreas
  • Thymus
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23
Q

what is the function of the pituitary gland?

A
  • Receives signals from the hypothalamus
  • Controls function of the ovaries, testes, adrenal gland
  • Kidney growth of the body
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24
Q

what is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Controls metabolism and amount of calcium

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25
Q

what is the function of the parathyroid?

A

Regulates calcium levels

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26
Q

what is the function of the adrenal gland?

A
  • Helps adapt to stress

* Regulates blood pressure

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27
Q

what is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Affects the sleep cycle & reproduces hormones

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28
Q

what is the main function of the pancreas?

A

Regulates the balance of sugar in our systems/ secretes insulin

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29
Q

what is the main function of the thymus gland?

A

Produce t-cells

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30
Q

which gland does the hypothalamus gland send a signal to that connects the nervous system to the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary gland

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31
Q

what are the main functions of the circulatory system?

A
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
  • Nutrient and waste product transport
  • Body temp regulation
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32
Q

what is the circulatory system made up of?

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
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33
Q

what carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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34
Q

what carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A

Veins

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35
Q

what is the function of capillaries?

A

Exchange in gas

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36
Q

deoxygenated blood travels from the body through?

A

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

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37
Q

blood travels into the right atrium of the heart then passes through _______ to the _____

A
  1. Tricuspid valve

2. Right ventricle

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38
Q

blood passes through the pulmonic valve into the _____ blood goes to the lungs for oxygen

A

Pulmonary artery

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39
Q

the lungs oxygenate the blood and it travels back to the heart in the _______

A

Pulmonary vein

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40
Q

the blood goes into the left atrium and passes through the bicuspid to the ____

A

Left ventricle

41
Q

blood travels through the aortic valve to the ____

A

Aorta

42
Q

what is the main function of the immune system?

A

Defend from outside factors

43
Q

what makes up the immune system?

A
  • Bone marrow
  • Lymph nodes
  • Lymphoid organs
  • Immune related cells
44
Q

what are lymphoid organs?

A
  • Thymus
  • Spleen
  • Tonsils
45
Q

what are immune related cells?

A
  • White blood cells
  • antibodies/antigens
  • T cells
46
Q

what is responsible for producing white blood cells?

A

Bone marrow

47
Q

which proteins produced by white blood cells binds to antigens?

A

Antibodies

48
Q

what protects us from viruses and bacteria and protects us from immunity?

A

T cells

49
Q

what is the main function of the hematologic system?

A
  • Regulation
  • Transportation
  • Protection
50
Q

what makes up the hematologic system?

A
  • Blood
  • Plasma
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
51
Q

what is the liquid in which blood cells travel in?

A

Plasma

52
Q

what transfers oxygen to the blood and carbon dioxide away?

A

Red blood cells

53
Q

what is found in blood that is known for clotting?

A

Platelets

54
Q

what is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

Removes what immune system destroyed, removes excess fat

55
Q

what makes up the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymph fluid
  • Lymph vessels
  • Lymph nodes
  • Lymphoid organs
56
Q

What looks like plasma blood contains less protein, carries fluid and waste away from tissue, and absorbs fat and transports to the bloodstream?

A

Lymph fluid

57
Q

what stores blood and is it put way for fluid in the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph vessels

58
Q

what cleans out Debris in the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph nodes

59
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Pathway for air exchange

60
Q

what makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
61
Q

what is known as the voice box in the respiratory system?

A

Larynx

62
Q

what makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Lungs
63
Q

what is the function for digestive system?

A

Breaks down nutrients small enough for the body to absorb and use for energy, growth, and cell repair

64
Q

what makes up the digestive system?

A
  • Mouth
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Accessory organs
65
Q

what makes up the large intestine?

A
  • Appendix
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anus
66
Q

what makes up accessory organs in the digestive system?

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
  • Peritoneum
67
Q

what is the function of the urinary system?

A

Filter blood and create urine as a waste by product

68
Q

what makes up the urinary system?

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
69
Q

what is the function of male testes?

A

Testosterone production

70
Q

what makes up the male reproductive system?

A
  • Testes
  • Ductal system
  • Scrotom
  • Penis
  • Accessory glands
71
Q

what makes up female reproductive system?

A
  • Ovaries
  • Oviducts
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
  • External
  • Genetelia
  • Breasts
72
Q

what is another name for oviducts?

A

Fallopian tubes

73
Q

what are glands of reproduction that are influenced by hormones?

A

Gonads

74
Q

anatomic position requires:

A
  • Standing upright
  • Facing forward
  • Arms at the side, palms forward
  • Feet slightly apart
75
Q

superior means

A

Above

76
Q

inferior means

A

Below

77
Q

anterior means

A

Infront

78
Q

posterior means

A

Back

79
Q

ventral

A

Toward the front

80
Q

dorsal

A

Toward the back

81
Q

medial means

A

Toward the midline

82
Q

lateral means

A

Away from the midline

83
Q

internal means

A

Within interior

84
Q

external means

A

Outside or exterior

85
Q

central means

A

The main part

86
Q

peripheral means

A

Extending from the main part

87
Q

proximal means

A

Closer to the origin

88
Q

distal means

A

Farther from the origin

89
Q

parietal means

A

Pertaining to the wall of cavity

90
Q

visceral means

A

Pertaining to an organ within a cavity

91
Q

dorsal cavity is made up of:

A
  • Cranial cavity

* Vertebral cavity

92
Q

ventral cavity is made up of:

A
  • Thoracic
  • Diaphragm
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
93
Q

frontal section means

A

Divide body into a front and back section

94
Q

sagittal section means

A

Divide the body into a left and right section

95
Q

transverse sections means

A

Divide the body into an upper section and a lower section

96
Q

cross section means

A

Separates the inferior and superior portions of the body

97
Q

longitudinal section means

A

Refers to a section along the long axis of a structure

98
Q

what are the 4 quadrants?

A
  • Ruq
  • Rlq
  • Luq
  • Llq
99
Q

what are the nine regions?

A
  • Right hypochondriac
  • Epigastric
  • Left hypochondriac
  • Right lumbar
  • Umbilical
  • Left lumbar
  • Right iliac
  • Hypogastric
  • Left iliac

DAS VN (19 decks)

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