Final Haze To Master Flashcards
Factors that affect VO2 (6)
Age
Gender
Genetics
Body composition
Diseases that ffect O2
Endurance training
CNS change of older adult
Muscle activation deficits — vary from muscle to muscle
CV changes that decrease VO2max w age
- Decreased contractility of LV (dec pump)
- Decreased pacemaker cells in SA node
- Decreased blood flow due to decreased elasticity of vessels
Metabolism change in older adults?
Minimal! Depends more on their activity level than age-related.
High intensity increases metabolism
Anginal threshold — able to change?
Relates to HRxSBP (heart’s workload/VO2)
Not able to change, BUT increasing exercise intensity slowly can lower HR and SBP which would decreased time it takes to get to anginal threshold
Chronic bronchitis
Overproduction of mucus clogs airways
Blue bloaters
Emphysema
Destruction of elastin of alveoli
Pink puffers
Obstructive vs. restrictive lung disease
Obstructive (COPD)
- hard to exhale, barrel chest
Restrictive
- hard to inhale
Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve
Relationship between SpO2 and paO2
Shift to RIGHT: dec O2 affinity = more O2 in blood.
- increase temp, DECREASE pH (pH 7.2), increase CO2
Shift to LEFT: inc O2 affinity = less O2 in blood
- dec CO2 from inc pulmonary hyperventilation, increase blood pH (7.6)
Anticoagulant
Inhibits platelet activation to reduce clots and stroke
Increased bleeding > mitigate fall risk
Beta-blocker
Blocks adrenaline
Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension > use RPE + HR
Albuterol (RABA bronchodilator)
Increases FEV1, tremors, tachycardia
use HR +RPE and bring inhaler to exercises
Oral steroid
For severe COPD exacerbations
Immunosuppression, HTN, osteoporosis, muscle weakness and myopathy, psychiatric distress, hypernatremia
Monitor electrolyte balances and mental health
Statin
Increase glucose level, arthralgia/myalgia, tendon rupture
Monitor pain and glucose level
Proton pump inhibitor
For GERD and ulcers
Increases fracture risk age 50+ > mitigate falls
Benzodiapzepine
To treat anxiety
Hypotension, lightheadedness/ataxia
Mitigate fall risk and syncope due to hypotension
Platelet aggregation inhibitor
For claudication
Increased bleeding risk > mitigate fall
Power =
Force x velocity
(Inverse relationship)
Power with age
Declines at earlier age and 2x faster than strength loss — due to inc type II fiber loss and delayed neuro recruitment/activation
Benefits of power
Increases muscle size and fascicle length (due to velocity component)
Power training best for which outcome measures and what score?
Fast walking speed <1.0 m/s
TUG 13-15 seconds
STS 12+ seconds
HIIT chronic adaptations (4)
Increased BLOOD volume
Increased LUNG volume
Increased STROKE volume
Increased insulin sensitivity
High intensity parameters for HIIT
> 90% VO2max
75% max power
6/10 RPE
85-95% HRmax
Joint replacement high intensity protocol
Clear with affected limb immediately
If surgical pain, load distal and proximal joints
Exercise with WBAT precautions
Affected limb through CLOSE CHAIN EXERCISES
Surgically stabilized fractures (ORIF)
NON-affected limb immediately OPEN chain
Affected limb after 2 weeks
Acute/chronic pain exercise modifications
- Eccentric focus
- Work within non-painful ranges
SPPB score
0-3 severe
4-6 moderate
7-9 mild
10-12 minimal
Assumptions of submax testing
- Steady state HR obtained for each exercise work rate
- HR varies depending on fitness level
- HRmax uniform for given age (220-age)
- HR and workload linear relationship
- Mechanical efficiency (VO2 at given work rate) same for everyone
