Final Haze To Master Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors that affect VO2 (6)

A

Age
Gender
Genetics
Body composition
Diseases that ffect O2
Endurance training

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2
Q

CNS change of older adult

A

Muscle activation deficits — vary from muscle to muscle

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3
Q

CV changes that decrease VO2max w age

A
  1. Decreased contractility of LV (dec pump)
  2. Decreased pacemaker cells in SA node
  3. Decreased blood flow due to decreased elasticity of vessels
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4
Q

Metabolism change in older adults?

A

Minimal! Depends more on their activity level than age-related.

High intensity increases metabolism

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5
Q

Anginal threshold — able to change?

A

Relates to HRxSBP (heart’s workload/VO2)

Not able to change, BUT increasing exercise intensity slowly can lower HR and SBP which would decreased time it takes to get to anginal threshold

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6
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Overproduction of mucus clogs airways
Blue bloaters

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7
Q

Emphysema

A

Destruction of elastin of alveoli
Pink puffers

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8
Q

Obstructive vs. restrictive lung disease

A

Obstructive (COPD)
- hard to exhale, barrel chest

Restrictive
- hard to inhale

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9
Q

Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Relationship between SpO2 and paO2
Shift to RIGHT: dec O2 affinity = more O2 in blood.
- increase temp, DECREASE pH (pH 7.2), increase CO2

Shift to LEFT: inc O2 affinity = less O2 in blood
- dec CO2 from inc pulmonary hyperventilation, increase blood pH (7.6)

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10
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Inhibits platelet activation to reduce clots and stroke

Increased bleeding > mitigate fall risk

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11
Q

Beta-blocker

A

Blocks adrenaline

Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension > use RPE + HR

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12
Q

Albuterol (RABA bronchodilator)

A

Increases FEV1, tremors, tachycardia

use HR +RPE and bring inhaler to exercises

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13
Q

Oral steroid

A

For severe COPD exacerbations

Immunosuppression, HTN, osteoporosis, muscle weakness and myopathy, psychiatric distress, hypernatremia

Monitor electrolyte balances and mental health

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14
Q

Statin

A

Increase glucose level, arthralgia/myalgia, tendon rupture

Monitor pain and glucose level

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15
Q

Proton pump inhibitor

A

For GERD and ulcers

Increases fracture risk age 50+ > mitigate falls

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16
Q

Benzodiapzepine

A

To treat anxiety

Hypotension, lightheadedness/ataxia

Mitigate fall risk and syncope due to hypotension

17
Q

Platelet aggregation inhibitor

A

For claudication

Increased bleeding risk > mitigate fall

18
Q

Power =

A

Force x velocity
(Inverse relationship)

19
Q

Power with age

A

Declines at earlier age and 2x faster than strength loss — due to inc type II fiber loss and delayed neuro recruitment/activation

20
Q

Benefits of power

A

Increases muscle size and fascicle length (due to velocity component)

21
Q

Power training best for which outcome measures and what score?

A

Fast walking speed <1.0 m/s
TUG 13-15 seconds
STS 12+ seconds

22
Q

HIIT chronic adaptations (4)

A

Increased BLOOD volume
Increased LUNG volume
Increased STROKE volume
Increased insulin sensitivity

23
Q

High intensity parameters for HIIT

A

> 90% VO2max
75% max power
6/10 RPE
85-95% HRmax

24
Q

Joint replacement high intensity protocol

A

Clear with affected limb immediately
If surgical pain, load distal and proximal joints

25
Q

Exercise with WBAT precautions

A

Affected limb through CLOSE CHAIN EXERCISES

26
Q

Surgically stabilized fractures (ORIF)

A

NON-affected limb immediately OPEN chain

Affected limb after 2 weeks

27
Q

Acute/chronic pain exercise modifications

A
  1. Eccentric focus
  2. Work within non-painful ranges
28
Q

SPPB score

A

0-3 severe
4-6 moderate
7-9 mild
10-12 minimal

29
Q

Assumptions of submax testing

A
  1. Steady state HR obtained for each exercise work rate
  2. HR varies depending on fitness level
  3. HRmax uniform for given age (220-age)
  4. HR and workload linear relationship
  5. Mechanical efficiency (VO2 at given work rate) same for everyone