Final Haze To Master

Question 1

Factors that affect VO2 (6)

Answer 1

Age
Gender
Genetics
Body composition
Diseases that ffect O2
Endurance training

Question 2

CNS change of older adult

Answer 2

Muscle activation deficits — vary from muscle to muscle

Question 3

CV changes that decrease VO2max w age

Answer 3

1. Decreased contractility of LV (dec pump)
2. Decreased pacemaker cells in SA node
3. Decreased blood flow due to decreased elasticity of vessels

Question 4

Metabolism change in older adults?

Answer 4

Minimal! Depends more on their activity level than age-related.

High intensity increases metabolism

Question 5

Anginal threshold — able to change?

Answer 5

Relates to HRxSBP (heart’s workload/VO2)

Not able to change, BUT increasing exercise intensity slowly can lower HR and SBP which would decreased time it takes to get to anginal threshold

Question 6

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

Overproduction of mucus clogs airways
Blue bloaters

Question 7

Emphysema

Answer 7

Destruction of elastin of alveoli
Pink puffers

Question 8

Obstructive vs. restrictive lung disease

Answer 8

Obstructive (COPD)
- hard to exhale, barrel chest

Restrictive
- hard to inhale

Question 9

Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 9

Relationship between SpO2 and paO2
Shift to RIGHT: dec O2 affinity = more O2 in blood.
- increase temp, DECREASE pH (pH 7.2), increase CO2

Shift to LEFT: inc O2 affinity = less O2 in blood
- dec CO2 from inc pulmonary hyperventilation, increase blood pH (7.6)

Question 10

Anticoagulant

Answer 10

Inhibits platelet activation to reduce clots and stroke

Increased bleeding > mitigate fall risk

Question 11

Beta-blocker

Answer 11

Blocks adrenaline

Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension > use RPE + HR

Question 12

Albuterol (RABA bronchodilator)

Answer 12

Increases FEV1, tremors, tachycardia

use HR +RPE and bring inhaler to exercises

Question 13

Oral steroid

Answer 13

For severe COPD exacerbations

Immunosuppression, HTN, osteoporosis, muscle weakness and myopathy, psychiatric distress, hypernatremia

Monitor electrolyte balances and mental health

Question 14

Statin

Answer 14

Increase glucose level, arthralgia/myalgia, tendon rupture

Monitor pain and glucose level

Question 15

Proton pump inhibitor

Answer 15

For GERD and ulcers

Increases fracture risk age 50+ > mitigate falls

Question 16

Benzodiapzepine

Answer 16

To treat anxiety

Hypotension, lightheadedness/ataxia

Mitigate fall risk and syncope due to hypotension

Question 17

Platelet aggregation inhibitor

Answer 17

For claudication

Increased bleeding risk > mitigate fall

Question 18

Power =

Answer 18

Force x velocity
(Inverse relationship)

Question 19

Power with age

Answer 19

Declines at earlier age and 2x faster than strength loss — due to inc type II fiber loss and delayed neuro recruitment/activation

Question 20

Benefits of power

Answer 20

Increases muscle size and fascicle length (due to velocity component)

Question 21

Power training best for which outcome measures and what score?

Answer 21

Fast walking speed <1.0 m/s
TUG 13-15 seconds
STS 12+ seconds

Question 22

HIIT chronic adaptations (4)

Answer 22

Increased BLOOD volume
Increased LUNG volume
Increased STROKE volume
Increased insulin sensitivity

Question 23

High intensity parameters for HIIT

Answer 23

> 90% VO2max
75% max power
6/10 RPE
85-95% HRmax

Question 24

Joint replacement high intensity protocol

Answer 24

Clear with affected limb immediately
If surgical pain, load distal and proximal joints

Question 25

Exercise with WBAT precautions

Answer 25

Affected limb through CLOSE CHAIN EXERCISES

Question 26

Surgically stabilized fractures (ORIF)

Answer 26

NON-affected limb immediately OPEN chain

Affected limb after 2 weeks

Question 27

Acute/chronic pain exercise modifications

Answer 27

1. Eccentric focus
2. Work within non-painful ranges

Question 28

SPPB score

Answer 28

0-3 severe
4-6 moderate
7-9 mild
10-12 minimal

Question 29

Assumptions of submax testing

Answer 29

1. Steady state HR obtained for each exercise work rate
2. HR varies depending on fitness level
3. HRmax uniform for given age (220-age)
4. HR and workload linear relationship
5. Mechanical efficiency (VO2 at given work rate) same for everyone