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Applied Exerise Science > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Requires oxygen
Utilizes carbs, fats, proteins
Byproduct: water, CO2
Yields 36 ATP/glucose
Types of cells: heart, CNS, PNS, skeletal muscle (slow twitch)

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2
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

O2 not required
Utilizes ONLY carbohydrates
By-product: lactic acid
Occurs in cytoplasm
Yields 2 ATP/glucose
Types of cells: CT (bone, cartilage, RBC), skeletal muscle fast twitch

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3
Q

Anaerobic threshold

A

No longer able to perform work solely via aerobic
~55% VO2max (+/- training and detraining)

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4
Q

VO2 max

A

Max capacity of the body to transport and use oxygen with exercise

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5
Q

Factors that affect VO2

A

Age
Sex
Genetics (muscle fiber type)
Body composition
Endurance training
Diseases that affect oxygen transport

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6
Q

Name meds with exercise implications to MITIGATE FALL RISK due to INCREASED BLEEDING RISK?

A

Anticoagulant (a-fib)
Platelet aggregation inhibitor (PAD)

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7
Q

Which medication has side effects of hypotension and bradyarrhythmia?
How does this affect exercise?

A

Med: Metoprolol (beta blockers)
Use RPE in conjunction with HR

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8
Q

Which med has side effects of tachycardia, palpitation, and tremors?
This leads to exercise implication of __.

A

Medication: Albuterol (fast-acting bronchodilator)
Use RPE in conjunction with HR

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9
Q

Which medication has side effects of increased MI and CVA?

A

Ipratropium (anticholinergic bronchodilator)

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10
Q

Which medication has side effects of hypernatremia and psychiatric distress?
How does it affect exercise?

A

Medication: Prednisone (adrenocortical steroid)
Monitor mental health and electrolyte balance with exercise (e.g. dry mouth)

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11
Q

Which medication blocks enzyme needed to make cholesterol and has side effects of increased glucose/HbA1c levels, myalgia/arthralgia, and tendon rupture?
How does this impact exercise?

A

Medication: Atorvastatin (HMG-COA reductase inhibitor)
Monitor arthralgia/myalgia and dysglycemia
NO EFFECT ON HR/BP

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12
Q

Which medication is used to treat GI ulcers and GERD and has side effects of increased fracture risk?
How does this affect exercise?

A

Medication: Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor)
Mitigate fall risk due to increased fracture risk

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13
Q

Which medication is used for anxiety and has side effects of hypotension, palpitations, ataxia?
How does this affect exercise?

A

Alprazolam (benzodiazepine)
Mitigate fall risk due to syncope and hypotension

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14
Q

Which medication is used to treat intermittent claudication and side effects of palpitations and myalgia?
How does this impact exercise?

A

Medication: Cilostazol (platelet aggregation inhibitor)
Mitigate fall risk due to increased bleeding risk

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15
Q

Assumptions of submax testing (5)

A
  1. Steady state HR obtained
  2. HRmax given age is uniform (220-age)
  3. Mechanical efficiency same for everyone
  4. Linear relationship between HR and workload
  5. HR varies depending on fitness level
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16
Q

Karvonen formula

A

THR = (HRmax-HRrest)*(%intensity) + HRrest

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17
Q

High intensity rehab contraindications conditions <6 weeks

RAC-Pact

A

Rhabdo
Acute cardiac event (MI, vtach/vfib, CABG, pacemaker placement)
CVA
PE
Cerebral aneurysm treated any size

RAC-Pact

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18
Q

High intensity contraindications SEVERE/PROLIFERATIVE conditions (3)
“SPR of the moment, bc you will die soon with these conditions”

A

Severe mitral/aortic stenosis
Severe pulmonary HTN (pulmonary map <55)
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

19
Q

High intensity contraindications miscellaneous (5)
U DUMM

A

Unstable angina
Decompensated HF (worsening edema, fatigue, SOB at rest)
UNTREATED cerebral aneurysm
Mitral/aortic stenosis ANY SEVERITY WITH hx of syncope and WITHOUT corrective surgery
MD-order of no strenuous activity

20
Q

High intensity precautions
LAMA - soc

A

Limb specific conditions
Abdominal precautions (e.g. hernia)
Moderate-severe NON-PROLIFERATIVE diabetic retinopathy
Aortic aneurysm
Severe osteoporosis/compression fracture

21
Q

High intensity precautions limb specific (5)
OOF-DA

A

Osteomyelitis
Fracture
DVT within 6 weeks with anticoag
Avascular necrosis
Osteosarcoma/bone mets

22
Q

Precautions for aortic aneurysm

A

No lifting >75lbs
Bp <150/100
No valsalva

23
Q

Precautions for mod-severe (non-proliferative) diabetic retinopathy

A

Maintain BP <150/100
No valsalva

24
Q

Normal vitals response to exercise

A

RR — increase
SBP — increase, but SBP <200, DBP <110
DBP — minimal to no change (0-10)
HR — increase

Within 5 mins of rest, BP and HR should return within 10 of baseline

25
Q

Concerning exercise responses
CV System

A

SBP >200, DBP >110
SBP fails to rise or drops >10
HR decreases

26
Q

Concerning exercise responses
Integumentary system

A

Cyanosis
Pallor
Diaphoresis
Clammy skin

27
Q

Concerning exercise responses
Neuro

A

Dizziness/lightheadedness
Confusion
Ataxia
Shaking/tremors

28
Q

Concerning exercise responses
Pain

A

Leg cramps or severe claudication
Chest/arm/jaw pain
Mod-severe angina

29
Q

Concerning exercise responses
Respiratory

A

Dyspnea <5 words (mod-severe)
Abnormal breathing
<88% O2 or 10%+ drop from baseline

30
Q

Concerning exercise responses
GI

A

Hypoglycemic response
Nausea/vomiting

31
Q

Greatest CV change due to age?

A

Decreased contractility of heart’s LV wall = pumping capacity reduced

32
Q

High intensity resistance training in PACE

A

Increased SPPB and gait speed

33
Q

High intensity resistance training in home health

A

No significant difference on gait speed compared to usual care, both showed improvement

34
Q

High intensity resistance training in telerehab

A

Increased performance on step test

35
Q

High intensity resistance training in SNF

A

Increased SPPB, gait speed, discharge home, and LOS

36
Q

Unstable vs. chronic angina

A

Unstable: can happen for any reason, even at rest. Increased risk of MI

Chronic: happens regularly, induced with exercise, heavy meal and/or stress

37
Q

A-fib uncontrolled vs. controlled

A

Uncontrolled >100 bpm
Controlled <100 bpm

A-fib = HR does not work, greater clot risk

38
Q

Ventilation =

A

tidal volume x respiratory rate
Both increase with activity

39
Q

Gait/balance signs of failure

A

Further level of assistance
Unintentional speed decrease
Unintentional change in how body moves in space

40
Q

Gait/balance goal vs. progress

A

Goal: 80% OR LESS of success
If patient shows more than 80% success with gait/balance exercise, signals time to progress

41
Q

Gait speed as a determinant

A

Leg strength
Trunk muscle endurance
Timing and coordination
Self-efficacy

42
Q

Endurance exercise effect on older adult

A

Primarily to improve CV health, not so much for muscle endurance since they typically have more type I fibers than type II

43
Q

High intensity strength exercise effect on older adult

A

Decrease osteoporosis
Offset age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

Applied Exerise Science (3 decks)

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