Final: Grevemeyer Part 1 (Teats, Abomasum)

Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE about supernumerary teats?

a. Should be removed at an early age to prevent mastitis
b. Interfere with milking
c. Amputated with a burdizzo emasculatome
d. Close site with simple continueous suture pattern

Answer 1

d. Close site with simple continueous suture pattern

Simple interrupted

Question 2

Which of these are not a common cause of teat obstructions?

a. Fibrosis
b. Annular ring obstruction (Spider Teat)
c. Papilloma
d. Foreign body
e. Polyp
f. Calculus

Answer 2

d. Foreign body

Question 3

Which term describes a full thickness incision through the wall of a teat?

Answer 3

Thelotomy

Question 4

Which instrument is used for an open Thelotomy?

Answer 4

Lichty Teat Knife

Question 5

What’s this?

Answer 5

Hugs Teat Tumor Extractor

Question 6

Which 2 instruments can be used for ‘blind scrapping’ of the teat canal?

Answer 6

Spiral teat curette

Cornell teat curette

Question 7

Which layers must you close when reparing a teat laceration?

Answer 7

Mucosa

Submucosa

Skin

Question 8

Most teat injuries occur

a. within 1 month of calving
b. when the cow is in the pasture rather than in a stall
c. during the last 2 months of lactation
d. as a result of injury inflicted by other cows
e. in the first month of the dry period

Answer 8

a. within 1 month of calving

Question 9

The major arterial supply to the udder is

a. the caudal superficial epigastric arteries
b. the perineal arteries
c. the subcutaneous abdominal arteries
d. the external pudendal arteries
e. the caudal deep epigastric arteries

Answer 9

d. the external pudendal arteries

Question 10

The primary elastric ligamentous supports of the udder are located

a. laterally
b. cranially
c. medially
d. caudally
e. circumferentially

Answer 10

c. medially

Laterally the support is inelastic/fibrous

Question 11

Trauma to a cow’s teat increases the risk of mastitis in the associated quarter by approximately

a 10%

b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
e. 50%

Answer 11

e. 50%

Question 12

Which of the following teat lacerations has the best prognosis for uncomplicated healing?

a. vertical near the base of the teat
b. horizontal near the base of the teat
c. horizontal near the top of the teat
d. vertical near the tip of the teat
e. horizontal through the papillary duct

Answer 12

a. vertical near the base of the teat

Question 13

Which of the following types of anesthesia wound be inappropriate for repairing a tea laceration in a standing animal?

a. infusion of anesthetic into the teat cistern
b. a right block at the base of the teat
c. epidural anesthesia
d. a horizontal line block proximal to the laceration
e. an inverted V block proximal to the laceration

Answer 13

c. epidural anesthesia

Question 14

Supernumerary teats usually are

a. medial or lateral to the normal teats and are smaller than normal teats
b. medial or lateral to the normal teats and are larger than normal teats
c. cranial or caudal to the normal teats and are smaller than normal teats
d. cranial or caudal to the normal teats and are larger than normal teats
e. on the midline of the udder and of normal size

Answer 14

c. cranial or caudal to the normal teats and are smaller than normal teats

Question 15

The primary venous drainage from the udder of heifers that have not yet lactated is

a. the external pudendal veins
b. the subcutaneous abdominal (milk) vein
c. the ventral perineal veins
d. the caudal deep epigastric veins
d. the dorsal perineal veins

Answer 15

a. the external pudendal veins
* Lactating cows = Milk veins*

Question 16

Atresia in which of the following sites has the best prognosis for surgical repair?

a. the complete teat cistern
b. the dorsal quarter of the teat cistern
c. the dorsal half of the teat cistern
d. the ventral half of the teat cistern
e. the ventral quarter of the teat cistern

Answer 16

b. the dorsal quarter of the teat cistern

Question 17

After repair of teat lacertions, teat fistulas are most likely to occur when

a. the mucosa of the teat cistern is penetrated by absorbable multifilament suture material
b. the mucosa of the teat cistern is penetrated by absorbable monofilament suture material
c. fine (4-0) suture material is used instead of heavier suture material (No. 1)
d. the laceration is closed in multiple layers rather than a single layer
e. a milk-tight seal of the laceration is not obtained

Answer 17

e. a milk-tight seal of the laceration is not obtained

Question 18

Operating through the papillary duct

a. is less traumatic than thelotomy
b. is associated with less risk of hemorrhage within the teat cistern than thelotomy is
c. enables easier evaluation of obstructions within the teat cistern than thelotomy permits
d. with teat curettes and tumor extractors is less traumatic to teat mucosa than thelotomy with scalpel is
e. is less likely than thelotomy to result in a teat fistula

Answer 18

e. is less likely than thelotomy to result in a teat fistula

Question 19

Which of the following suture materials would be the best choice for closure of the teat custern mucosa?

a. polyglycolic acid
b. gut
c. chromic gut
d. silk
e. coated Dacron

Answer 19

a. polyglycolic acid

PGA

Question 20

Stenotic teat sphincters should be surgically corrected

a. before the morning milking
b. immediately after milking
c. immediately after the cow becomes dry
d. just before calving
e. only in first-calf heifers

Answer 20

a. before the morning milking

Milk immediately after -> better maintenance of patency

Question 21

Which of the following post-op recommendations should be made after operating on a cow for a tight teat sphincter?

a. do not milk the affected quarter for a week
b. only remove milk from the affected quarter with a teat cannula for 2 days
c. milk the affected teat every 15min for 2 hours, then every 2 hours for the rest of the day
d. milk the affected teat only by hand for 1 week
e. leave the indwelling cannula in the teat to prevent pressure by milk on the incision sites

Answer 21

c. milk the affected teat every 15min for 2 hours, then every 2 hours for the rest of the day

Question 22

Teat spiders are

a. the result of previous trauma to the wall of the teat
b. attributable to accessory glandular tissue in the wall of the teat
c. the result of using non-absorbable suture materual in the mucosa of the teat cistern
d. arthropod parasites common in southern California
e. usually found at the junction of the teat and gland cistern

Answer 22

a. the result of previous trauma to the wall of the teat

Question 23

When implanting a tube within the teat cistern after removing a mass of scar tissue, the surgeon should

a. choose the largest fenestrated tube that will allow closure of the thelotomy
b. choose the largest nonfenetrated tube that will allow closure of the thelotomy
c. suture the tube to the wall of the teat with absorbable suture material
d. choose a tube shorter than the previous obstruction
e. allow the thelotomy site to close by second intention

Answer 23

a. choose the largest fenestrated tube that will allow closure of the thelotomy

Question 24

To surgically enlarge a stenotic papillary duct, the incision involving the duct should

a. be as parallel to the papillary duct as possible
b. be angeled so that internal structures are cut but the skin in left intact
c. be angeled so that internal structures are preserved and only the skin and external structures are cut
d. be circular, completely surrounding the papillary duct
e. involve the internal mucosa, sphincter, and skin

Answer 24

b. be angeled so that internal structures are cut but the skin in left intact

Question 25

Incisions through the wall of the teat

a. should be perpendicular to the long axis of the teat
b. should be parallel to the long axis of the teat
c. should involve the papillary duct
d. should only be made under general anesthesia
e. should be made on the side of the teat where an obstructing mass is located

Answer 25

b. should be parallel to the long axis of the teat

Question 26

A circumferential vascular plexus is usually located at

a. the base of the teat
b. the junction of the proximal quarter and the distal three quarters of the teat
c. the middle of the teat
d. the junction of the proximal three quarters and distal quarter of the teat
e. the tip of the teat

Answer 26

a. the base of the teat

Question 27

Rupture of the mucous membranes at the rosette of Furstenberg

a. results in profuse hemorrhage and pink milk
b. never causes clinical difficulties
c. can easily be corrected by cryosurgery
d. is easily palpated
e. can be detected by ultrasonography or double-contrast radiography

Answer 27

e. can be detected by ultrasonography or double-contrast radiography