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english v > Final Grammar Test > Flashcards

Final Grammar Test Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

what are the parts of speech

A
  • noun
  • verb
  • adjective
  • adverb
  • pronoun
  • conjunction
  • preposition
  • interjection
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2
Q

what is an adverb

A

a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

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3
Q

list the coordinating conjunctions

A 
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
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4
Q

what can coordinating conjunctions join?

A
  • two nouns
  • two verbs
  • two prep phrases
  • two clauses of equal importance
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5
Q

what is a subordinating conjunction

A

these conjunctions join two or more clauses by making the other clause(s) “subordinate” to the main clause. The subordinate clauses cannot stand alone.

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6
Q

examples of subordinating conjunctions

A

since, although, before, when, while, because

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7
Q

action verbs

A

state the action done by the subject

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8
Q

linking verbs

A

show a state of being (can usually be replaced by = )

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9
Q

helping verbs

A

help the action and linking verbs by showing a tense or mood

-the helping verb is never last

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10
Q

predicate adjectives

A

functions like a predicate noun-comes after a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence

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11
Q

functions of the noun

A
  • subject
  • direct object
  • object of the preposition
  • indirect object
  • appositive
  • predicate nominative
  • object complement
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12
Q

what makes up a clause

A

a subject + verb

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13
Q

independent clauses

A

can stand by themselves. They can be sentences.

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14
Q

dependent clauses

A

cannot stand by themselves. depend on an independent clause to make a complete sentence

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15
Q

adjective clauses

A

a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun

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16
Q

adverb clauses

A

a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

17
Q

noun clauses

A

a dependent clause that acts like a noun that has a noun function

18
Q

how can independent clauses be linked

A
  • with a comma and coordinating conjunction

- with a semicolon

19
Q

how can dependent clauses be punctuated

A
  • introductory adverbial phrases are set off with a comma
  • adverbial clauses that are not introductory are not set off with a comma
  • non essential phrases and clauses are set off with commas
20
Q

what are the sentence types

A
  • simple
  • compound
  • complex
  • compound-complex
21
Q

simple sentence

A

contains 1 independent clause and no dependent clause

22
Q

compound sentence

A

contains 2+ independent clauses

23
Q

complex sentence

A

contains 1 independent clause and 1+ dependent clause

24
Q

compound-complex sentence

A

contains 2+ independent clauses and 1+ dependent clauses

25
Q

comparative degree

A

two things, persons, or actions are compared

  • Jingles is smarter than his brother, Rudolph.
  • Rudolph, however, plays the piano more beautifully.
26
Q

superlative degree

A

three or more things, persons, or actions are compared

  • Most people agree that Jingle is the smartest gerbil in the country.
  • Of all the gerbils I know, Rudolph plays the piano most beautifully.
27
Q

object compliment (OC)

A 
a noun (or adjective or pronoun) that completes the action of a verb by explaining more about the direct object.  To have an OC, there must be a DO.  Usually you can insert "to be" between the DO and the OC.
-My cousin appointed me photographer for the ducks.
28
Q

gerund

A
  • always end in -ing and function as the noun in the sentence
  • can serve any noun function
29
Q

participle

A

-most often end in -ing or -ed (or the other past tense of the adjective e.g. broken) and always function as adjectives

30
Q

the infinitive

A
  • to + verb

- can function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns

31
Q

absolute phrases

A
  • starts with a noun followed by a participle
  • is not a subject
  • does not modify any word in the sentence
  • is always separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma
  • sets the conditions under which the rest of the sentence will be understood
32
Q

the gerund phrase

A
  • consist of a gerund along with any modifiers

- can only function as nouns

33
Q

participial phrase

A
  • beings with a participle and includes any objects or modifiers
  • only function as adjectives
34
Q

infinitive phrase

A
  • consists of an infinitive along with any objects and modifiers
  • function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
35
Q

prepositional phrases

A
  • beings with a preposition followed by any modifiers of the object
  • can function as adjectives or adverbs
36
Q

appositive phrases

A
  • a group of words that function as an appositive

- renames or identifies a noun

english v (4 decks)

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