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Physiology 305 > Final Flashcards > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Thymus

A

thymosin, thymopoietin

T lymphocyte division and maturation

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2
Q

Heart

A

Atrial Natriuretic peptide

inhibits sodium reabsorption in kidney tubules

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3
Q

Kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

Red blood cells production in bone marrow

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4
Q

Stomach

A

gastrin

stimulates acid production in stomach, intestinal motility

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5
Q

Small intestine

A

secretin, choleysystokinin, glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
regulate gastrointestinal motility & secretion, liver & pancreas exocrine secretion

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6
Q

Liver

A

insulin-like growth factors

promote tissue growth

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7
Q

Skin Liver kidney

A

1,25 - dihydroxy vitamin D

Promotes calcium absorption by the intestine

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8
Q

Hypothalamus hormones

A

releasing and inhibiting hormones TRH CRG GnRH GHRH somatostatin, PrRP dopamine

targets: anterior pituitary
function: control and release of anterior pituitary hormones

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9
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone ADH)

oxytocin

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10
Q

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)

A

targets kidney tubules and increases H2O reabsorption and arterioles producing vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Oxytocin

A 
uterus: increases contractility
mammary glands (breasts) causes milk ejection
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12
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A 
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH growth hormone
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
LH luteinizing hormone
PRL prolactin 
Melatonin
Tetraiodothyronine tri iodothyronine T3 & T4
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13
Q

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

A

targets thyroid follicular cells stimulates T3 and T4 secretion

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14
Q

ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

target: zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex
stimulates cortical secretion

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15
Q

GH growth hormone

A

targets bone and soft tissues
is essential but not solely responsible for growth and exerts metabolic effects, indirectly stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue, directly stimulates protein synthesis, mobilizes fat, and conserves glucose by means of IGF-I
Also targets liver to stimulate IGF-I secretion

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16
Q

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

A

females: ovarian follicles to promote follicular growth and development, stimulates estrogen secretion
males: seminiferous tubules in testes stimulates sperm production

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17
Q

Luteinizing hormone LH

A

females: ovarian follicle and copus luteum stimulates ovulation, corpus luteum development, and estrogen and progesterone secretion
Males: interstitial cells of Leydig in testes stimulates testosterone secretion

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18
Q

Prolactin PRL

A

females: mammary glands promotes breast development stimulates milk secretion
males: uncertain

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19
Q

Melatonin

A

targets brain anterior pituitary, reproductive organs and possibly others
entrains body’s biological rhythm with external cues, inhibits gonadotropins, reduction most likely initiates puberty, acts as an antioxidant

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20
Q

T3 & T4

A

targets most cells

increases metabolic rate, is essential for normal growth and nerve development

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21
Q

Calcitonin

A

targets: bone, decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration

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22
Q

Aldosterone mineralcorticoid

A

targets kidney tubules increases NA+ reabsorption and K+ secretion

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23
Q

pineal gland

A

melatonin

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24
Q

Thyroid gland follicular cells and c cells

A

follicular = T3 & T4

C cells = calcitonin

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25
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone (zona glomerulosa)

cortisol (zona fasciculata and zona reticularis) androgens

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26
Q

cortisol

A

targets most cells

increases blood glucose at the expense of protein and fat stores, contributes to stress adaptation

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27
Q

androgens

A

females: targets hair follicles and brain

promotes axillary and pubic hair growth and sex drive

28
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

target: sympathetic receptor sites throughout the body

reinforce sympathetic nervous system, contribute to stress adaptation and blood pressure regulation

29
Q

insulin ( beta cells)

A

targets most cells promotes cellular uptake use and storage of absorbed nutrients

30
Q

glucagon (alpha cells)

A

targets most cells, is important for maintaining nutrient levels in blood during the post-absorptive state

31
Q

somatostatin (D cells)

A

targets digestive system inhibits digestion and absorption of nutrients

32
Q

PTH parathyroid hormone

A

bone, kidneys and intestine

increases plasma Ca2+ and decreases plasma PO43- concentrations, stimulates vitamin D activation

33
Q

estrogen (estradiol)

A

female sex organs and body as a whole
promotes follicular development governs development of female secondary sexual characteristics, stimulates uterine and breast growth
also targets bone to enhance pubertal growth spurt, promotes closure of epiphyseal plate

34
Q

Progesterone

A

targets uterus prepares for pregnancy

35
Q

testosterone

A

male sex organs and body as a whole to stimulate sperm production, governs development of male secondary sexual characteristics, promtoes sex drive
targets bone to enhance pubertal growth spurt, promotes closure of epiphyseal plate

36
Q

inhibin

A

targets anterior pituitary inhibits secretion of FSH

37
Q

estrogen (estriol) and progesterone

A

targets female sex organs helps maintain pregnancy prepare breasts for lactation

38
Q

hCH human chorionic gonadotropin

A

targets ovarian corpus luteum maintains corpus luteum of pregnancy

39
Q

renin (by activating angiotensin)

A

targets zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex (acted on by angiotensin which is activated by renin)
stimulates aldosterone secretion, angiotensin II is also potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates thirst

40
Q

erythropoietin

A

targets: bone marrow

stimulates erythrocyte production

41
Q

Ghrelin

A

targets hypothalamus

signals hunger, stimulates appetite

42
Q

Gastrin and CCK secretin and choleystokinin

A

digestive tract, exocrine glands, smooth muscles, pancreas, liver gallbladder
control motility and secretion to facilitate digestive and absorptive processes

43
Q

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide GIP

A

targets: endocrine pancreas

stimulates insulin secretion

44
Q

Peptide YY

A

targets hypothalamus signals satiety suppresses appetite

45
Q

insulin like growth factor IGF-I

A

bone and soft tissue

promotes growth

46
Q

thrombopoietin

A

stimulates platelet production

47
Q

Hepcidin

A

targets intestine

inhibits iron absorption into blood

48
Q

Vitamin D

A

targets intestine

increases absorption of ingested Ca2+ and PO43-

49
Q

Thymosin

A

targets T-lymphocytes, enhances T lymphocyte proliferation and function

50
Q

Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides ANP BNP

A

targets kidney tubules

inhibit NA+ reabsorption

51
Q

Leptin

A

targets hypothalamus

suppresses appetite, is important in long term control of body weight

52
Q

other adipokines

A

multiple sites, play a role in metabolism and inflammation

53
Q

adrenal medulla hormones

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

54
Q

endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

A 
beta cells (insulin)
alpha cells ( glucagon) and D cells (somatostatin)
55
Q

Parathyroid gland hormones

A

PTH parathyroid hormone

56
Q

female gonads (ovaries hormones)

A

estrogen, progesterone

57
Q

Male gonads testes hormones

A

testosterone

58
Q

testes and ovaries hormone

A

inhibin

59
Q

placenta hormones

A

estrogen (estriol) and progesterone hCG human chorionic gonadotropin

60
Q

kidney hormones

A

renin

erythropoietin

61
Q

stomach hormones

A

ghrelin, gastrin

62
Q

small intestine hormones

A

CCK cholecystokinin and secretin

GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, peptide YY

63
Q

Liver hormones

A

insulin like growth factor IGF-I
thrombopoietin
hepcidin

64
Q

skin

A

vitamin D

65
Q

Thymus

A

Thymosin

66
Q

Heart

A

atrial and brain natriuretic peptides ANP BNP

67
Q

adipose tissue

A

leptin, other adipokines

Physiology 305 (5 decks)

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