Final (extra info) Flashcards
difference between delirium and dementia
delirium is acute
dementia is long-term and slow onset
delirium is an ________ change in brain causing mental and emotional ____________. Dementia is a general term for decline in ___________, ____________, and _________-___________ skills.
abrupt
confusion
memory
learning
problem-solving
delirium is often caused by _________ _________ issues
physical medical
who are most at risk for delirium?
children and the elderly
diffuse damage
widespread (ex: oxygen deprivation)
focal damage is much more specific. examples…
brain lesions, TBI, stroke stopping blood flow to certain parts of the brain
delirium is often treated with _________ and is/isn’t reversible
medication
IS reversible
how many major cognitive disorders
over 50
top two most common major neurocognitive disorders
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
Huntington’s disease
irregular involuntary movements that flow randomly from one part of body to another (usually fatal within 20 years)
strong links between Alzheimer’s and ____________ issues
metabolic
(“type 3 diabetes,” linked to glucose, eating)
Alzheimer’s risk factors
lower socioeconomic status, obesity, diabetes, head trauma, current smoker, gender (lonely females), advanced age
Alzheimer’s causes destruction of ______
ACH
Vascular dementia (often confused with Alzheimer’s):
dementia caused by damage to blood flow in brain
amnestic disorder
big disturbance in short term memory (caused by brain damage)
who is at a higher risk of TBI?
children and the elderly
retrograde amnesia
you forget things that happened before onset of amnesia
anterograde amnesia
prevents you from forming new memories after onset
why are young children so vulnerable to psychological problems?
they don’t have a good sense of identity or the world around them due to lack of experiences
most common disorder among kids (especially girls)
anxiety
what often precedes separation anxiety?
an identifiable stressor like death of a pet or relative
most common treatments for childhood anxiety
medication and CBT
how does childhood depression often present that is different than in adults?
irritability, acting out
externalizing disorders
focus is on outward behaviors (ODD, conduct disorder, etc.)
ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior towards authority figures
ODD subtypes
angry/irritable mood
argumentative/defiant behavior
vindictiveness
what is something that puts kids more at risk for ODD
antisocial personality parents
conduct disorder
persistent, repetitive violation of rules and disregard for rights of others
children who develop CD at an early age more likely to develop
psychopathy or antisocial PD
what is a way that you treat ODD and CD? (therapy often involves parents too)
model to the parents and teach them to reinforce pro-social behaviors while neglecting anti-social behaviors
why are punitive treatments (yelling, hitting) often ineffective
they intensify and reinforce behaviors (any attention fuels them, even bad attention)
enuresis
bedwetting
encopresis
bed soiling
causes of enuresis
faulty learning, immaturity (stemming from social problems), disturbed family interactions, stressful changes (child regressing when sibling is born for attention)
how do you treat encopresis
combo of medical and psychological treatment
autism is usually diagnosed before ____ months of age (especially in boys)
30
T/F: the terms “learning disorder” and “intellectual disability” are interchangeable
FALSE. Learning disorder is normal IQ, but wires crossed in brain
what is often the cause of learning disabilities?
mild CNS impairments
intellectual disabilities are defined by
low intelligence and level of performance
any intellectual disability that occurs after 18 is considered
dementia
