Final exam weeks 5 and 6 Flashcards
long-term memory definition
lifetime storage of information → coordinates with working memory to help create our ongoing experience
peak-end-rule
most likely to refer to peak and end of an experience
primacy effect
memory is better for stimuli present at the beginning
- serial position
recency effect
memory is better for stimuli present at the end of the list because they’re still in short term memory (serial position)
explicit memory
Conscious recollections of events/facts from the past
implicit memory
Occurs when learning from experience is not accompanied by conscious remembering
- uncounscious recall
procedural memory
they are able to learn new skills, although they do not remember learning them
Clive wearing
- felt like he was waking up every 20 seconds
- unable to store new memories
binding problem
considers that features of an object need to be bound together by some neuronal mechanism across a population of neurons, so that the object can be perceived as a whole.
Hippocampus
encodes not storage
- ‘brain hub’
hippocampus is important for forming …?
new long term memories
Standard model of consolidation
memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus during consolidation but that after its complete, retrieval involves the cortex, and hippocampus is no longer involved
what is beneficial to memory?
sleep
multiple trace model of consolidation
hippocampus is involved both when memories are being established and during the retrieval of remote episodic memories
retrograde amnesia
can’t recall memories from the past
antrerograde amnesia
can’t form new memories but can still remember things from before you developed amnesia
episodic memory
from life events and experiences (when/where an event occurred and how it relates) - relies on hippocampus for at least some time (as they become semantic over time)
e.g - i remember going to get coffee yesterday at cafe with paul
what did Tulving state the defining property of the experience of episodic (not semantic) memory is ?
mental time travel (self-knowing or remembering)
semantic memory
factual and conceptual knowledge about the world
e.g - there is a coffee place down the road from the cafe
semanticization
episodic memories can lead to semantic memories
autobiographical memory
peoples memories for experiences from their own lives has both episodic (relieved events) and semantic (facts related to events)
coding definition
the way information is transformed into a format that can be stored and retrieved from memory
propaganda effect/illusion of truth effect
More likely to rate statements read or heard before as being true even if statements described as demonstrated to be false
- often used by politicians
cross sectional data
measurements taken at one particular time but for different age groups